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Open research questions in Healthcare Systems and Technology

101 gap statements mined from Healthcare Systems and Technology papers in our 4.5M-paper local library, which holds 652 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

Choosing where to publish on Healthcare Systems and Technology? See the ranked Economics journals.

What the literature leaves open

  • The analysis highlights the need for explicit definitions and analytical provenance in reconstructing sequential patient movement. The study notes the importance of avoiding unsupported claims about referrals or clinical coordination.

    Patient-Transition Networks, Multiservice Trajectories, and Specialty Activity in a University Dental Clinic: A Retrospective Ecological Study · 2026 · DOI

  • Yet, robust evaluations of e-consultation impact on hospital referral patterns remain scarce.

    Effect of a Multi-specialty E-consultation Service on Hospital Referrals: An Interrupted Time-Series Study in the Netherlands · 2026 · DOI

  • Despite growing policy emphasis, little is known about why clinicians choose to use A&G.

    Why Primary Care Clinicians use Advice and Guidance: A qualitative study · 2026 · DOI

  • Problem definition: Collaboration among care providers is critical to healthcare delivery, yet its impact on inpatient service times—especially at the interpersonnel level—remains unclear.

    Impacts of Care Provider Collaborations on the Service Time for Inpatient Stays: An Analysis Using Electronic Health Record Audit Logs and Dynamic Graphs · 2025 · DOI

  • Despite the small sample size, this study showed a gap between the perspectives of allied health professionals and the health insurers that need to be further explored.

    Barriers to the use of direct access according to allied health professionals; an exploration among Dutch physiotherapists, dietitians, and health insurers · 2025 · DOI

  • In the future, the risk-benefit of SO referral should be examined, considering both the prognostic impact of treatment delay due to SO and the psychological benefits for the patient gained from SO.

    Second Opinion Referrals of Cancer Patients in Japan—A Nationwide Study · 2025 · DOI

  • Little is known about the preferences of PCPs regarding communication from orthopaedic surgeons.

    Primary Care Physician Preferences Regarding Communication from Orthopaedic Surgeons · 2024 · DOI

  • Physician-to-physician electronic consultation (eConsults) are used across specialties; however, their effectiveness in ophthalmology has not been reported.

    Physician-to-Physician eConsultations to Ophthalmologists at an Academic Medical Center · 2024 · DOI

  • Limited awareness of the scope of OMFS among medical professionals. Unclear referral pathways and limited multidisciplinary integration.

    Awareness of the Scope of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Referral Practices Among Medical Professionals in Telangana: A Cross-Sectional Study · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of a digital environment for medical commissions hinders their effective functioning. The need for expansion of medical commission functions to improve the quality and effectiveness of medical care.

    Medical commissions of the health-care institutions: history of development and creation of modern information environment for their activities · 2026 · DOI

  • Within rheumatology, we need to clarify how and for what purpose eConsults are used within and across institutions in order to establish outcome measures suitable for rigorous analysis. As a first step, the current authors see benefit in well-constructed surveys of PCPs, patients, rheumatologists, and healthcare institutions to establish the goals of eConsults across these different stakeholders.

    Defining a Successful Electronic Consult in Rheumatology: Easier Said Than Done · 2026 · DOI

  • Discordance in the perceived reasons for transfer between patients and providers often indicates a lack of effective communication during the transition continuum.

    Patient Experiences with Back-Referral Under a Tertiary Hospital Restructuring Pilot Project in South Korea · 2026 · DOI

  • The study aims to address this gap by evaluating patient experiences during the initial phase of the national tertiary hospital restructuring pilot project.

    Patient Experiences with Back-Referral Under a Tertiary Hospital Restructuring Pilot Project in South Korea · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of professional supervision in LLM-generated advice poses significant health risks. The effectiveness of disclaimers in mitigating patient safety risks remains inconclusive and context-dependent. The study highlights the need for developers to educate users about model limitations and the importance of consulting health care professionals.

    Disclaimers and Referral Patterns for Medical Advice Across Urgency Levels: Large Language Model Evaluation Study · 2026 · DOI

  • There is limited understanding of the impact of active implementation of an e-consult on the proportion of outpatient stroke/TIA consults placed in the VA. The study aims to address this gap by evaluating the effect of e-consult implementation.

    Implementation of a stroke/TIA e-consult increases outpatient stroke Teleneurology consults placed in VHA compared to community care · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research is needed to validate the SOS infrastructure survey, explore the relationship between SOS utilization and infrastructure in a national sample, and investigate the impact on clinical outcomes.

    Pediatric Order Set Utilization and Infrastructure Within a Regional Care Network · 2025 · DOI

  • A lack of staff consultation and lack of staff training on the use of digital consultations. The need to address potential inequalities in the use of digital consultations. The challenge of integrating digital consultations with face-to-face care.

    A mapping survey of digital clinical consultations in maternity care in England · 2025 · DOI

  • Ensuring that students write high-quality consultation notes that are clear, concise, and patient-centred. Addressing the lack of awareness of the guide among students and GP tutors. Improving access to the guide and its formatting on mobile devices.

    What if the patient reads this? A student guide to writing in the GP electronic patient record · 2024 · DOI

  • Lack of guidance for senior medical students on writing high-quality consultation notes in electronic patient records. Limited inclusion of guidance on writing in patient records in medical curricula. Need for a standardized approach to teaching students how to write patient-centred consultation notes.

    What if the patient reads this? A student guide to writing in the GP electronic patient record · 2024 · DOI

  • The aims of this project were to develop, implement and evaluate research placements within a UK pre-registration physiotherapy program, to add to the limited information available for HEI and supervisors.

    Pre-registration student research placements within KNOWBEST: a service evaluation · 2024 · DOI

  • While GPs are working fewer clinical hours and many GP trainees (registrars) do not foresee themselves working full-time in clinical practice, little is known of the epidemiology of registrars training part-time.

    General practice registrars training part-time: a cross-sectional analysis of prevalence and associations · 2023 · DOI

  • Referral from primary to secondary care is a crucial component of a GP's role, yet the quality of referrals varies widely.

    Defining a theoretical framework for a quality referral at the primary–secondary care interface: a systematic scoping review with qualitative content analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • The current system does not adequately address the interval between referral and first specialist contact. This period can be a critical phase of care where symptoms may progress and patients may experience harm.

    The Active Waiting Standard: turning the referral gap into a managed phase of care · 2026 · DOI

  • The study used a limited number of LLMs, - The study used a specific dataset of patient queries, - The study relied on human raters for classification of patient queries, - The study did not investigate the actual impact of disclaimers on patient…

    Disclaimers and Referral Patterns for Medical Advice Across Urgency Levels: Large Language Model Evaluation Study · 2026 · DOI

  • Disentangling specific effects of different parts of the intervention, - Investigating the sustainability of the implementation effect, - Examining the impact of the e-consult on patient…

    Implementation of a stroke/TIA e-consult increases outpatient stroke Teleneurology consults placed in VHA compared to community care · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Healthcare Systems and Technology

Most recent work

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) Robust evaluations of e-consultation impact on hospital referral patterns remain scarce (“Effect of a Multi-specialty E-consultation Service on Hospital Referrals: An…”, 2026); (2) Despite growing policy emphasis, little is known about why clinicians choose to use A&G (“Why Primary Care Clinicians use Advice and Guidance: A qualitative study”, 2026); (3) The lack of a digital environment for medical commissions hinders their effective functioning (“Medical commissions of the health-care institutions: history of development and…”, 2026); (4) Discordance in the perceived reasons for transfer between patients and providers often indicates a lack of effective communication during the transition continuum (“Patient Experiences with Back-Referral Under a Tertiary Hospital Restructuring…”, 2026); (5) The lack of professional supervision in LLM-generated advice poses significant health risks (“Disclaimers and Referral Patterns for Medical Advice Across Urgency Levels:…”, 2026). 101 gap statements have been mined from Healthcare Systems and Technology papers in our 4.5M-paper local library, which holds 652 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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