Open research questions in Heart Failure Treatment and Management
227 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 964 Heart Failure Treatment and Management papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.
What the literature leaves open
Proportional hazards assumptions were violated in the final Cox models. Missing values in the variables required by ADHERE, GWTG-HF, and the 8-variable model. Limited availability of certain variables, such as BUN, in the external validation cohort.
An eight-variable risk model for short- and long-term mortality in hospitalized heart failure · 2026 · DOIMost prognostic models for heart failure target long-term outcomes and are not optimized for acute-phase risk stratification. Limited ability to identify patients at high risk of death within the first 28 days after admission.
An eight-variable risk model for short- and long-term mortality in hospitalized heart failure · 2026 · DOIdirect myocardial toxicity remains primarily observed in vitro and lacks clinical confirmation - evidence for genetic susceptibility and direct cardiotoxicity remains limited - clinical data are scarce for the mechanism of myocardial contractile dysfunction in pioglitazone-induced heart failure
Research progress on the pathophysiological mechanisms of pioglitazone-induced heart failure: a review · 2026 · DOIIdentifying and addressing the complex and multifaceted needs of Chinese patients with chronic heart failure. Developing a comprehensive framework that incorporates psychosocial and lifestyle-related dimensions. Ensuring the validity and reliability of the framework through expert consultation and Delphi rounds.
Construction of a home-based social support service content framework for Chinese patients with chronic heart failure based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs · 2026 · DOIThe existing literature on CHF focuses primarily on clinical parameters, neglecting psychosocial and lifestyle-related dimensions that affect long-term quality of life. There is a need for a comprehensive framework that addresses the home-based social support needs of Chinese patients with CHF.
Construction of a home-based social support service content framework for Chinese patients with chronic heart failure based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs · 2026 · DOIthe study had a limited sample size, - the study only looked at NYHA class III HF patients, - the study did not provide a direct comparison with other treatment options, - the study relied on data from clinical trials and observational studies, - the study did not account for potential biases in the data
An Era of Digital Healthcare—A Comprehensive Review of Sensor Technologies and Telehealth Advancements in Chronic Heart Failure Management · 2024 · DOIfurther studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of the CardioMEMS HF system, - research is needed to develop new technologies for remote HF monitoring, - studies should investigate the cost-effectiveness of remote PAP monitoring, - future research should focus on improving the accuracy of hemodynamic biomarkers, - the development of novel weight scales to track multiple hemodynamic parameters should be explored
An Era of Digital Healthcare—A Comprehensive Review of Sensor Technologies and Telehealth Advancements in Chronic Heart Failure Management · 2024 · DOIRural populations experience higher mortality and fragmented care, yet limited research has explored how demographic, clinical, structural, and socioeconomic factors influence 30-day readmission risk across geographic locations.
Heart failure readmissions in urban and rural hospital settings: An analysis of 30‐day readmissions using the 2021 Nationwide Readmissions Database · 2026 · DOIEarlier studies have suggested that low-dose digoxin might be beneficial, but evidence from rigorous randomized clinical trials is lacking.
Low-dose digoxin in patients with heart failure with reduced or mildly reduced ejection fraction: a randomized controlled trial · 2026 · DOIHowever, there is limited knowledge on what matters to these patients and if current care pathways address their needs.
Healthcare needs and priorities of older people living with heart failure and frailty: a multi-perspective study of patients, carers and clinicians · 2026 · DOIFunctional capacity is a key prognostic marker in heart failure (HF), yet it is frequently under-assessed at hospital discharge, and its clinical and demographic determinants during this critical period remain insufficiently characterized.
Clinical Determinants of Functional Capacity at Hospital Discharge in Patients with Heart Failure: A Secondary Observational Analysis · 2026 · DOIHowever, whether CCM can bridge the hemodynamic vulnerability phase to facilitate GDMT optimization and improve patient prognosis remains unclear.
Cardiac contractility modulation to enhance optimized medical therapy and improve cardiac remodeling in advanced heart failure: a case report · 2025 · DOIHowever, most of the existing literature focuses on short-term readmission rates and causes, with limited data on long-term readmissions.
One-year unplanned readmission after percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: rates, causes, and predictors—a retrospective cohort study · 2025 · DOITo date, no studies have evaluated the unplanned readmission post-PCI in STEMI patients within the Arab Gulf region.
One-year unplanned readmission after percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: rates, causes, and predictors—a retrospective cohort study · 2025 · DOIBendopnea, defined as dyspnea occurring within 30 s of forward trunk flexion, has emerged as a potential marker of hemodynamic compromise, yet its clinical significance in large multicenter cohorts remains underexplored.
Bendopnea as an independent prognostic marker for adverse events in hospitalized heart failure patients: insights from a multicenter prospective cohort study · 2025 · DOIObjective: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has increasingly been recognized as a significant comorbidity in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), adversely affecting prognosis and quality of life, despite limited research examining the role of sleep quality in this relationship.
Association between mild cognitive impairment and sleep quality in patients with chronic heart failure: a cross-sectional study · 2025 · DOIHowever, there is lack of data regarding how the implementation of a discharge planning system influences the length of stay (LOS) in hospital and readmission rates among patients with neurological diseases.
The Role of the Discharge Planning Team on the Length of Hospital Stay and Readmission in Patients with Neurological Conditions: A Single-Center Retrospective Study · 2025 · DOIHFpEF has a significant impact on individuals' life expectancy and quality of life, but the exact pathogenesis remains unclear.
The gut microbiota-inflammation-HFpEF axis: deciphering the role of gut microbiota dysregulation in the pathogenesis and management of HFpEF · 2025 · DOIAlthough natriuretic peptides like B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) are valuable biomarkers for diagnosing and managing HF, the utility of combining BNP with other blood-based biomarkers to predict subtypes of new-onset HF remains underexplored.
Proteomic-based biomarker discovery reveals panels of diagnostic biomarkers for early identification of heart failure subtypes · 2025 · DOIFuture research should examine additional components of EHR interventions to understand and account for remaining gaps in effectiveness.
Few studies have explored modifiable risk factors such as health beliefs from patients' perspective to explore the complexity of risk factors for readmission.
‘I didn’t want to go home’ patient-identified modifiable risk factors associated with hospital readmission: a qualitative study · 2024 · DOI28)), and had higher prevalence of many chronic conditions than non-responders, and thus may not be representative of all HF patients.
A large, multi-center survey assessing health, social support, literacy, and self-management resources in patients with heart failure · 2024 · DOIFuture research employing a more extended follow-up period, larger sample size, or randomized design is warranted to investigate the treatment effects in this subpopulation.
Real-world experience of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors in patients with heart failure and dialysis · 2024 · DOIHowever, the effects of sacubitril/valsartan on these outcomes, as well as on ventricular tachyarrhythmias, have not been well studied in women with HFrEF.
Sex differences and clinical outcomes, including ventricular tachyarrhythmias, of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction treated with sacubitril/valsartan · 2024 · DOIThe epidemiology of cardiorenal syndrome among the general population is incompletely characterized and despite shared risk factors with HF, differences in mortality risk across key demographics have not been well described.
Demographic trends of cardiorenal and heart failure deaths in the United States, 2011–2020 · 2024 · DOI
Most-cited papers in Heart Failure Treatment and Management
- Angiotensin–Neprilysin Inhibition versus Enalapril in Heart Failure · New England Journal of Medicine · 2014 · 6,213 citations
- Effect of Enalapril on Survival in Patients with Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fractions and Congestive Heart Failure · New England Journal of Medicine · 1991 · 5,864 citations
- Amiodarone or an Implantable Cardioverter–Defibrillator for Congestive Heart Failure · New England Journal of Medicine · 2005 · 5,683 citations
- The Effect of Cardiac Resynchronization on Morbidity and Mortality in Heart Failure · New England Journal of Medicine · 2005 · 5,290 citations
- Effects of Enalapril on Mortality in Severe Congestive Heart Failure · New England Journal of Medicine · 1987 · 4,992 citations
- Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes with Empagliflozin in Heart Failure · New England Journal of Medicine · 2020 · 4,433 citations
- Empagliflozin in Heart Failure with a Preserved Ejection Fraction · New England Journal of Medicine · 2021 · 4,223 citations
- Effect of metoprolol CR/XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in-Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF) · The Lancet · 1999 · 4,192 citations
- The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomised trial · The Lancet · 1999 · 3,810 citations
- The Effect of Carvedilol on Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure · New England Journal of Medicine · 1996 · 3,699 citations
Most recent work
- Low-dose digoxin in patients with heart failure with reduced or mildly reduced ejection fraction: a randomized controlled trial · Nature Medicine · 2026
- Diuretic resistance in cardiorenal syndrome: mechanisms, monitoring and phenotype-tailored management · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · 2026
- Machine learning-based prediction model for 30-day readmission risk in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure: a retrospective cohort study with SHAP interpretability analysis · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · 2026
- AHA/ACC/ESC/WHF Expert Consensus Document: Second Universal Definition of Heart Failure (2026) · European Heart Journal · 2026
- 2026 ESC Guidelines for the management of heart failure · European Heart Journal · 2026
- Digital Medicine in the Management of Heart Failure: From Reactive Care to Predictive, Pathophysiology-Driven Strategies · Healthcare · 2026
- “Real-world prognostic performance of different severe and advanced heart failure definitions: Data from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry” · The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation · 2026
- Heart failure hospitalization in Romania – A national multiannual study based on administrative dataset collection · Romanian Journal of Cardiology · 2026
- Polypill for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the POLY-HF randomized trial · Nature Medicine · 2026
- Urinary Biomarker Thresholds to Detect Diuretic Resistance and Insufficient Diuretic Response in Acute Heart Failure · European Journal of Heart Failure · 2026
Find a gap in your own Heart Failure Treatment and Management sub-topic
This page shows what the Heart Failure Treatment and Management literature already flags as unresolved. To narrow it to your specific question, run the guided finder — it searches the gap library on demand and checks candidates against 250M+ OpenAlex works.
Open the Research Gap Finder →