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Open research questions in Intelligence, Security, War Strategy

206 gap statements mined from Intelligence, Security, War Strategy papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 3,144 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • The study highlights the need to balance the American record with British and Turkish sources.

    Intelligence as Covert Statecraft: The OSS, CIA’s Predecessor, in Neutral Turkey, 1939-1945 · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper suggests that future research could apply the concept of 'intelligence diplomacy' to other cases of small-state hedging. The study highlights the importance of considering the role of intelligence in shaping state behavior in diplomatic relations.

    Intelligence as Covert Statecraft: The OSS, CIA’s Predecessor, in Neutral Turkey, 1939-1945 · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of a structured attribution framework. The insufficient use of AI in analytical workflows.

    ATTRIBUTION OF INFORMATION INFLUENCE OPERATIONS · 2026 · DOI

  • Validation of integrated systems also remains an open challenge: demonstrating superiority over siloed tools requires controlled experiments, shared benchmarks, and access to operational datasets that are often restricted.

    Hybrid‑Threat Intelligence: A Critical Review of Semantic Integration Challenges and the Role of the HIPSTer Ontological Framework · 2026 · DOI

  • Vol 45 University of Queensland Law Journal 125 Australia but the legal dimensions warrant further research and can only be touched upon here as a demonstration of some of the lasting impact of the Espionage Commissions in which Kellock, Taschereau, and Dixon played an important role.

    1946 Canadian Royal Commission on Espionage (Gouzenko) and the 1954-55 Australian Royal Commission on Espionage (Petrov) · 2026 · DOI

  • This study examined whether the organizational structure of interagency coordination had a significant impact on the success of US covert regime-change operations during the Cold War. One final limitation of this study is that the examined organizational structures may themselves be influenced by the anticipated difficulty of an operation, raising the possibility of endogeneity.

    The Coordination Tradeoff: Interagency Participation and the Success of US Covert Operations · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of recognition and valuation of women's contributions to Intelligence.

    FEMALE CONTRIBUTION TO INTELLIGENCE IN CORRELATION WITH THE PRINCIPLE OF GENDER EQUALITY AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of gender equality and equal opportunities in Intelligence agencies.

    FEMALE CONTRIBUTION TO INTELLIGENCE IN CORRELATION WITH THE PRINCIPLE OF GENDER EQUALITY AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES · 2026 · DOI

  • It highlights the need for a new framework for understanding this phenomenon.

    The Secret Weapon X Program: A Structural Intelligence and Source-Fidelity Analysis of Elite Classification, Cultural Targeting, Surveillance Infrastructure, and the Four Aces Pattern, 1993-2026 · 2026 · DOI

  • The study highlights the need for a deeper understanding of the culture of surveillance and informant behavior in Iran.

    I don’t want to be a Zirabzan or Mokhber, but they made me: the informant culture of spying on everyday life of citizens in the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper suggests that future research should develop a sectoral handbook for bodging, an independent protocol for certification, a template for incident reporting, and pilot audits for ministries, diplomatic services, and operators of critical infrastructure.

    Protocol of Artificial Intelligence and State Sovereignty · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of support of name-based routing in TCP/IP networking. The need for more secure ICN protocols. The potential vulnerabilities and attacks that may compromise ICN design.

    Enlightening ICN Insecurity · 2026 · DOI

  • The ideological consequences of the CIA's covert regime change operations in target countries remain understudied. Prior work has focused on the economic and political consequences of CIA operations, but the ideological effects have been neglected.

    Covert regime change and ideology · 2026 · DOI

  • The article identifies the challenge of balancing the need for historical accuracy with the need to avoid offending senior politicians. It highlights the difficulty of predicting the potential consequences of publishing sensitive historical information. The article suggests that officials often face challenges in navigating the complex web of diplomatic relations and historical memory.

    ‘Un livre problématique’: Official History, Anglo-French Relations, and the Fallout from M. R. D. Foot’s SOE in France · 2026 · DOI

  • It highlights the need to consider the potential consequences of publishing sensitive historical information. The article suggests that officials often underestimate the potential for official histories to upset the memory of war in other countries.

    ‘Un livre problématique’: Official History, Anglo-French Relations, and the Fallout from M. R. D. Foot’s SOE in France · 2026 · DOI

  • Tangentially, the concept of research security is underexplored in a global context, despite nations like Canada, the United Kingdom, United States and the European Union having introduced research security frameworks to manage risks to national security and the protection of sensitive information (particularly for places of higher education and learning).

    Universities as the Next Counterintelligence Battleground in Geopolitical Contests · 2026 · DOI

  • Existing AI ethics frameworks do not address the distinctive ethical concerns raised by the integration of AI into intelligence work. Mainstream AI ethics do not provide a structured basis for determining if and when intelligence-AI may be permissible.

    Developing an ethical framework for intelligence-AI · 2026 · DOI

  • The qualitative difference between the success of public critique in the case of TIA and the bifurcated reactions to the 2013 NSA program leaks has been neglected by scholars.

    "Big Brother Will Be Watching America" : Post-9/11 Mass Surveillance Expansion and Resistance · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper does not allege unlawful conduct by the CIA, NSA, the United States Department of Defense, Anthropic, OpenAI, or their personnel. The conclusions are based on an academic assessment of the available public record and remain subject to revision should additional official information become available.

    Protocol of Artificial Intelligence and State Sovereignty · 2026 · DOI

  • Was ist ein Interessenkonflikt und wie stellt man ihn fest? In K. Lieb, D. Klemperer, & W.‐D. Ludwig (Eds.), Interessenkonflikte in der Medizin, Hintergründe und Lösungsmöglichkeiten (pp. 11–26). Springer.

    Conflicts of Interest Between Systemic and Corruptive: A Conceptual Compass for Watchdog Science Journalists · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of diverse representation in the field of open source investigations - The need to recognize power dynamics and embrace humility in digital…

    Power and Humility in Open Source Investigations · 2026 · DOI

  • The analysis is limited by the lack of publicly available data on intelligence cooperation, - The field of intelligence cooperation is characterized by secrecy and uneven disclosure…

    The Commission’s 2025 intelligence cell proposal: from intelligence sharing to supranational intelligence? · 2026 · DOI

  • The antecedent academic literature on EU intelligence cooperation remains smaller than other corresponding literatures, - There is a need for further research on the development of EU security governance and the role of the Commission…

    The Commission’s 2025 intelligence cell proposal: from intelligence sharing to supranational intelligence? · 2026 · DOI

  • Investigating the relationship between successful revolutions and corruption, - Analyzing the effect of multiple treatments for countries that experienced multiple interventions, - Examining the pooled effects across all countries that experienced CIA interventions regardless…

    Covert regime change and ideology · 2026 · DOI

  • It addresses a gap in the literature, as existing research has focused on agency problems between PICs and the US, while overlooking ‘the mismanagement and politicization of intelligence arising from the executive principal's outsourcing of intelligence tasks’…

    The oversight of outsourcing US intelligence after 9/11: private intelligence contractors · 2025 · DOI

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) The paper suggests that future research could apply the concept of 'intelligence diplomacy' to other cases of small-state hedging (“Intelligence as Covert Statecraft: The OSS, CIA’s Predecessor, in Neutral…”, 2026); (2) The lack of recognition and valuation of women's contributions to Intelligence (“FEMALE CONTRIBUTION TO INTELLIGENCE IN CORRELATION WITH THE PRINCIPLE OF GENDER…”, 2026); (3) The lack of support of name-based routing in TCP/IP networking (“Enlightening ICN Insecurity”, 2026); (4) The ideological consequences of the CIA's covert regime change operations in target countries remain understudied (“Covert regime change and ideology”, 2026). 206 gap statements have been mined from Intelligence, Security, War Strategy papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 3,144 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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