Open research questions in Islamic Studies and Radicalism

What the literature leaves open

• Further Research is needed to examine in greater depth how contemporary interpretations can be applied to create Sharia-based economic policies that support religious moderation and how this can contribute to achieving more equitable social welfare in Indonesia. Therefore, the integration of religious moderation with Sharia-based economic policies needs to be further studied. However, there is still a significant gap in Research linking contemporary interpretations to Sharia economic policies, especially in the context of inclusive and sustainable economic policies.

  A Systematic Literature Review on Qur’anic Verses Concerning Islamic Economics and Religious Moderation in Contemporary Tafsir Scholarship · 2026 · DOI

• student persistence as the result of the interaction between three core dimensions: faith-based values, institutional support mechanisms, and community empowerment structures. The novelty of this study lies in three key contributions. First, it moves beyond singlefactor explanations by developing a holistic framework that captures the interdependence of social institutional, dimensions in shaping student outcomes. Second, it situates this framework within the underexplored context of rural Islamic higher education in Indonesia, thereby providing context-specific insights that are often absent in global higher education literature. Third, it empirically examines how these dimensions support operate disadvantaged students, offering a more nuanced understanding of persistence that integrates cultural, religious, and structural perspectives. synergistically and to thinking and In addition, this study critically engages with the dual role of Islamic educational values. While religious principles can strengthen motivation, resilience, and ethical awareness, overly rigid interpretations may limit critical intellectual flexibility (Rahman et al., 2022).

  Bridging Educational Inequality through Innovative Learning: The Role of Faith, Institutional Adaptation, and Community Empowerment in Rural Islamic Higher Education · 2026 · DOI

• conduct institutions, limit qualitative analysis, which may is generalizability. comparative recommended incorporate studies longitudinal designs to assess long-term outcomes, and further explore the scalability in diverse of educational settings. integrated model this institutional adaptability, Overall, this study affirms that when and faith, community empowerment are strategically aligned, higher education can serve as a powerful instrument for social mobility and educational equity in marginalized rural contexts.

  Bridging Educational Inequality through Innovative Learning: The Role of Faith, Institutional Adaptation, and Community Empowerment in Rural Islamic Higher Education · 2026 · DOI

• Several limitations qualify these findings. As a single-case study conducted at one madrasah within the As’adiyah network, the results are analytically rather than statistically generalizable, and their transferability to more heterogeneous settings require further testing. The reliance on observation and self-reported accounts also leaves open the possibility of social desirability effects, which future work might mitigate through longitudinal designs and behavioral measures. 4. CONCLUSION This study concludes that religious moderation values at MTs Irsyadul Salam are internalized systematically through the stages of transformation, transaction, and transinternalization, by which comprehension of the Barazanji text is converted into concrete character. The tradition proves effective in cultivating the pillars of tawasut (the middle path), tasamuh (tolerance), i’tidal (uprightness), and tawazun (balance), positioning local wisdom as a hidden curriculum endowed with strong aesthetic and emotional appeal. This ethno-religious approach not only strengthens an inclusive Islamic identity but also functions as a strategic instrument for protecting students from radicalism by reinforcing contextually grounded ethical values. As practical steps, madrasahs and educators are encouraged to revitalize the Barazanji tradition by developing philosophical learning modules and adopting Volume 5, No 4, 2026, pp 2067 - 2077 2075 culturally responsive teaching strategies that deepen students’ cognitive understanding. At the policy level, this local-wisdom-based model merits consideration as a reference for implementing P5-PPRA in ways that honor grassroots traditions. Future researchers are invited to extend the inquiry to more heterogeneous environments in order to test the efficacy of local traditions in building social cohesion across broader and more diverse contexts. REFERENCES Alkhudiry, R. (2022). The Contribution of Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory in Mediating in Language Studies L2 Knowledge Co-Construction. Theory & Practice (TPLS), 12(10). https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1210.19 Chotimah, C., Qudsy, S. Z., & Yusuf, M. (2025). Superficial implementation of religious moderation in Islamic educational management. Cogent Education, 12(1), 2442235. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2442235 Djawas, M., Ridhwan, R., Said, W., & Nadhiran, H. (2023). The Integration Between Syara’and Ade’in Marriage Tradition Bugis Bone, South Sulawesi. AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial, 18(2), 342-363. https://doi.org/10.19105/allhkam.v18i2.10373 Fatmawati, A. I. (2022). Multicultural education in the concept of the philosophy of Islamic (IJRER), 1(3). education. International Journal of Research and Review https://doi.org/10.51574/ijrer.v1i3.437 Fattah, A., & Ayundasari, L. (2021). Mabbarazanji: Tradisi membaca kitab Barzanji dalam upaya meneladani kehidupan Nabi Muhammad Saw. Wahana Islamika: Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 7(1), 49-60. Fauyan, M., Efendi, A., Wahyono, S. B., Sugito, S., & Kholis, N. (2026). Shaping Balanced Minds: Exploring the Integration of Religious Moderation in Indonesian Elementary Education. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 14(1), 223-248. Junaidi, J., Tanshzil, S. W., & Suwardani, N. K. (2025). Religious Moderation Research (2016–2025): Systematic Review and Bibliometric Mapping. Harmoni, 24(2), 185- 214. https://doi.org/10.32488/harmoni.v24i2.888 Lestari, D. P., & Nopiana, N. (2024). Introducing religious moderation through local wisdom 128-137. childhood.

  Religious Moderation Values through Local-Wisdom-Based Education: An Ethno-Religious Pedagogy of the Barazanji Tradition in an Indonesian Madrasah · 2026 · DOI

• Therefore, further research is needed on issues Muhammad Syarifuddin & Azwandi/Moderate Character Education In Community EmpowermenT And The Prevention Of… Komunitas: Jurnal Pengembangan Masyarakat Islam 17, 1 (2026): 14-31 31 dari 31 related to the importance of moderate character education in countering the flow of radicalization within society.

  Moderate Character Education In Community Empowerment And The Prevention Of Radical Behavior Among The Congregation Of Asy Syifa Mosque, Presak Narmada · 2026 · DOI

• Future research could address these limitations by including larger and more geographically diverse samples, incorporating ethnographic fieldwork and partici- pant observation, and examining less religiously engaged or rural communities to broaden the analytical scope (Sarshar 2014). A key limitation of the present study is the relatively small sample size and its exclusive focus on an urban, Tehran-based population.

  Sacred Lives in the Household: A Phenomenological Study of Spirituality and Faith Among Iranian Jewish Families · 2026 · DOI

• (2) Although both of them have orientation to the support of their social system, the former's direct interest is almost purely limited to the practice of democracy on group dimension, while the latter's ideal is the realization of democracy in the group for the revolution of the nation wide social dimension.

  On Group Techniques for Attitude Change and Thought Reform · 1968 · DOI

• This approach produces an analytical model that connects the normative dimension (religious texts and doctrine) with the empirical dimension (socio- religious practice), which is still relatively rarely examined in research on religious moderation in Indonesia.

  The Relevance of Maslahah Theory In Islamic Law To The Concept of Sabbe Satta Bhavantu Sukhitatta: A Comparative Study of The Implementation of Religious Moderation At Budhasari Vihara, Tulungagung · 2026 · DOI

• Conversely, the intention to enjoy films does not significantly mediate the effect of religiosity on the decision to enjoy Israel-affiliated films, suggesting that general religiosity alone is insufficient to directly drive avoidance of specific digital entertainment content.

  Pengaruh Etika Konsumen Islami, Religiusitas, dan Paparan Kampanye Boikot Terhadap Keputusan Menikmati Film yang Terafiliasi Israel Dengan Niat Menikmati Film Sebagai Variabel Intervening: Studi Kasus pada Komunitas Pengguna Letterboxd di Indonesia · 2026 · DOI

• Existing interventions tend to emphasize social assistance and behavioural control, while sustainable, value-based educational approaches grounded in Islamic moral frameworks remain underexplored.

  Community-Based Islamic Moral Education for Street-Connected Children: Moral Transformation, Social Resilience, and Informal Pedagogical Practice in Indonesia · 2026 · DOI

• This study addresses a gap in research on religious moderation and nationalism, which has largely remained descriptive and has insufficiently examined how religious nationalism develops through educational processes or influences students’ commitment to the nation.

  Strengthening Students' Religious Nationalism through Religious Moderation Programs in Islamic Higher Education · 2026 · DOI

• Based on the research findings, future studies are recommended to conduct comparative research across various schools with different social and religious characteristics to obtain a broader picture of digital religious moderation practices in educational settings.

  Religious Moderation in School Digital Culture: Negotiating Students’ Religious Identities at SMAN 21 Palembang · 2026 · DOI

• Religious socialization in rural Muslim families remains insufficiently examined, particularly regarding how Islamic values are sustained amid economic constraints and the growing presence of digital entertainment in children’s everyday lives.

  Religious Parenting Practices and Moral Socialization in Muslim Families: A Case Study of Sungai Duren Village · 2025 · DOI

• The study on the definitions and history of atheism among Malaysian researchers is still lacking because many researchers make the studies as a side topic only.

  A Discourse on The Atheism within The Malaysian Society · 2024 · DOI

• As this area is understudied in educational leadership, the study makes a foundational empirical contribution, suggests theoretical constructs heretofore unexplored, and advances the notion of principal as curator of educational practice.

  Principals as socio-religious curators: progressive and conservative approaches in Islamic schools · 2020 · DOI

• In this sense, one of the insufficiently researched factors of social (in)cohesion is al-kalb, an unavoidable agent within the general benefit-harm relationship from the point of view of the constitutive sources of Islam.

  THE QUR’ANIC PERSPECTIVE ON THE ROLE OF EL-KALB IN GENERATING SOCIAL (IN)COHESION · 2020 · DOI

• The theory about character education is not new thing anymore, but in an effort to internalize the values of humanity has not been studied, particularly in the current development, where there are still many people who underestimated the existence of pesantren as a terrorist base.

  The Moral Education and Internalization of Humanitarian Values in Pesantren: A Case Study from Indonesia · 2019 · DOI

• Also, this research is addressed to fll a gap in the literature between studies that emphasize economic andpolitical competition as the main sources of con?ict, and studies that focus on prejudice and discriminationas causes of con?ict.

  Ethno-Religious Identification and Social Distance Between Muslims and Christians: Analysis on Social Identity Theory · 2018 · DOI

• While the study did not account for variables such as socio-economic status and access to resources and activities, the potential role of religiosity as a protective factor from experiencing stress from discrimination warrants further exploration.

  Chief Editor Introduction · 2014 · DOI

• We address the understudied religious dimension of acculturation in acculturating adolescents who combine a religious Islamic heritage with a secularized Christian mainstream culture.

  Religiosity, values, and acculturation · 2012 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Islamic Studies and Radicalism

• Islam and Democracy · Comparative Political Studies · 2004 · 65 citations
• Religiosity, values, and acculturation · International Journal of Behavioral Development · 2012 · 48 citations
• Do religiosity, gender and educational background influence zakat compliance? The case of Malaysia · International Journal of Social Economics · 2018 · 42 citations
• Are religious consumers more ethical and less Machiavellian? A segmentation study of Millennials · International Journal of Consumer Studies · 2019 · 36 citations
• Development and evaluation of religious moderation education curriculum at higher education in Indonesia · Cogent Education · 2024 · 33 citations
• Aesthetics of authority: ‘Islam Nusantara’ and Islamic ‘radicalism’ in Indonesian film and social media · Religion · 2021 · 26 citations
• The Moral Education and Internalization of Humanitarian Values in Pesantren: A Case Study from Indonesia · Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists · 2019 · 23 citations
• Are Muslim experiences taken seriously in theories of Islamophobia? A literature review of Muslim experiences with social exclusion in the West · Ethnic and Racial Studies · 2023 · 22 citations
• Religious and national group identification in adolescence: A study among three religious groups in Mauritius · International Journal of Psychology · 2012 · 20 citations
• Morality, religious authority, and the digital edge · American Ethnologist · 2022 · 19 citations

Most recent work

• Integration of Religious Moderation Values in Islamic Religious Education Learning and its Impact on Religious Tolerance of Students at State Junior High Schools in Padangsidimpuan City · International Journal of Education and Literature · 2026
• Sociology of Public Elementary Schools: Teachers' Role as Agents of Socialization for Religious Moderation Values in the Classroom · ARZUSIN · 2026
• Peran Penyuluh Agama dalam Meningkatkan Religiusitas Masyarakat · ANWARUL · 2026
• Strategies to Strengthen Religious Moderation in Universities · Scaffolding: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam dan Multikulturalisme · 2026
• Human Ethics as the Basis of Religious Moderation · PUTIH: Jurnal Pengetahuan Tentang Ilmu dan Hikmah · 2026
• INTEGRASI PEMBELAJARAN AKIDAH AKHLAK BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM MEMBENTUK KARAKTER MODERAT PESERTA DIDIK DI MTS · SECONDARY: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Menengah · 2026
• Analisis Indikator Evaluasi Empati dan Moderasi Beragama dalam PAI: Perspektif Kurikulum Berbasis Cinta · Jurnal Ilmiah Profesi Pendidikan · 2026
• Masjid Kampus sebagai Ruang Pembentukan Karakter Mahasiswa Muslim: Analisis Sosiokultural Mentoring Islam di Telkom University · CENDEKIA: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Bahasa dan Pendidikan · 2026
• ANTARA ZUHUD DAN KRITIK KEKAYAAN: KONSTRUKSI MAKNA "CINTA DUNIA" DALAM DAKWAH GUS BAHA DAN GUS ULIL DI MEDIA BARU · Raqib: Jurnal Studi Islam · 2026
• KONSEP JIHAD DAN PERDAMAIAN DALAM AL-QUR’AN · Ayatuna : Jurnal Studi Ilmu Al-Qur’an dan Tafsir · 2026

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