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Open research questions in Medication Adherence and Compliance

152 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 660 Medication Adherence and Compliance papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • There is a need to comprehensively assess the factors associated with medication adherence among diabetic patients in Bangladesh. The study aims to fill this gap by identifying the personal and disease-related factors that influence medication adherence.

    Factors associated with medication adherence among adult diabetic patients of Bangladesh · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of understanding of the determinants of off-label drug acceptance among pregnant women. The study addresses this gap by applying the extended UTAUT model to this context. The research gap is significant due to the prevalence of off-label drug use in obstetrics and the potential risks and ethical challenges associated with it.

    Determinants of off-label drug acceptance in pregnancy: insights from an extended UTAUT model · 2026 · DOI

  • The positive association between PR and BI indicates that recognition of potential risks and willingness to accept treatment are not necessarily mutually exclusive in this clinical decision-making context, although the explanation for this association remains uncertain.

    Determinants of off-label drug acceptance in pregnancy: insights from an extended UTAUT model · 2026 · DOI

  • Development of more accurate ML models for medication adherence, - Investigation of the applicability of ML models in different countries and populations

    Machine learning applications to classify and monitor medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes in Ethiopia · 2025 · DOI

  • Further studies are needed to increase medication adherence among diabetic patients in Bangladesh, - Research on the challenges related to healthcare access, treatment burden, limited patient counseling, and self-management practices among diabetic patients in Bangladesh is necessary

    Factors associated with medication adherence among adult diabetic patients of Bangladesh · 2026 · DOI

  • While HCPs take multiple factors into account, a standardized approach to prescribing DOACs in this population remains lacking.

    Healthcare professionals’ perspectives on prescribing DOACs to frail older patients; the DOAC-FRAIL questionnaire · 2026 · DOI

  • Despite its significance, there is limited evidence regarding the use of machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict medication adherence within the Ethiopian population.

    Machine learning applications to classify and monitor medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes in Ethiopia · 2025 · DOI

  • It has substantial negative medical and economic consequences for patients and healthcare systems but there is limited knowledge on how medication adherence is integrated in medical education.

    Medication adherence in the curricula of future European physicians, pharmacists and nurses – a cross-sectional survey · 2025 · DOI

  • BACKGROUND: Single-pill combination (SPC) of three antihypertensive drugs has been shown to improve adherence to therapy compared with free combinations, but little is known about its long-term costs and health consequences.

    Cost-effectiveness of single-pill and separate-pill administration of antihypertensive triple combination therapy: a population-based microsimulation study · 2024 · DOI

  • In Egypt, effective usage of insulin remains a challenge due to insufficient knowledge of insulin and diabetes management, leading to errors in insulin therapy.

    Knowledge, attitude, and practice of insulin among diabetic patients and pharmacists in Egypt: “cross-sectional observational study” · 2024 · DOI

  • Many methods have been tested with mixed results, and innovative approaches are needed to encourage patients to adhere to their prescribed drug regimens.

    The effects of multifactorial pharmacist-led intervention protocol on medication optimisation and adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomised control trial · 2024 · DOI

  • Future research should explore how patients with specific diseases or groups of diseases perceive deprescribing of medications general and for specific medications, aiding in the development of targeted interventions.

    Influence of chronic medical conditions on older patients’ willingness to deprescribe medications: a cross-sectional study · 2024 · DOI

  • Little is known about how these costs change as insured people enter Medicare at age 65 years, when coinsurance in the coverage gap and catastrophic phases of Part D coverage can be increased greatly by use of insulin and newer, branded medications (eg, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors).

    Patient Out-of-Pocket Costs for Type 2 Diabetes Medications When Aging Into Medicare · 2024 · DOI

  • There is a need for more research on the effectiveness of clinical pharmacist-led services in diabetes management. There is a lack of studies on the role of clinical pharmacists in optimizing pharmacotherapy and promoting self-management education.

    The effect of clinical pharmacist-led services with one-year follow-up in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial · 2026 · DOI

  • Limited external validation of AI-based adherence prediction models. Algorithmic bias affecting marginalized populations. Inadequate interpretability of machine learning models. Data privacy concerns and substantial implementation challenges in resource-limited health systems.

    Artificial intelligence approaches to predicting treatment non-adherence in chronic diseases: a narrative review · 2026 · DOI

  • Rigorous external validation across diverse healthcare systems, geographic regions, and patient populations is needed. Future research should focus on developing and validating AI-based adherence prediction models in low- and middle-income countries. The advancement of interpretable architectures and prospective randomized trials evaluating clinical outcomes is necessary.

    Artificial intelligence approaches to predicting treatment non-adherence in chronic diseases: a narrative review · 2026 · DOI

  • Traditional methods of medication administration are prone to errors and inconsistencies. There is a need for reliable and efficient medication management systems.

    An Intelligent IOT Enabled Pill Dispenser for Automated Drug Administration · 2026 · DOI

  • The uptake of adherence-supporting tools in routine care remains suboptimal. Healthcare professionals' knowledge and willingness to recommend medication adherence tools are limited.

    Healthcare professionals’ perspectives on medication adherence-supporting tools: a cross‑sectional survey in Italy · 2026 · DOI

  • This study involved a wide range of professional groups work- ing in diverse care settings, and we believe it provided an overview that reflects different perspectives and practices. The mixed design, combining closed questions with open-ended responses, enabled the analysis to move beyond descriptive sta- tistics and highlight underlying attitudes and perceived barriers. Nevertheless, some limitations must be considered. Because the survey relied on self-reporting, inaccuracies linked to memory or a tendency to provide socially desirable answers cannot be excluded. However, the consistently low awareness and utilization of adherence tools across professions suggest that these biases are unlikely to have substantially changed the overall picture. The findings should also be interpreted within the Italian context, as differences in healthcare organization, professional responsibilities, and cultural views of medication use may limit generalizability to other systems. In addition, the snowball recruitment strategy, with respondents’ anonymity by design, did not permit calculation of a response rate and may have affected representativeness. Lastly, the questionnaire was not subjected to formal validation procedures. Nevertheless, it was extensively revised with expert input to ensure relevance for everyday clinical practice in Italy.

    Healthcare professionals’ perspectives on medication adherence-supporting tools: a cross‑sectional survey in Italy · 2026 · DOI

  • Developing an Android/iOS app to notify patients and caretakers about upcoming or missed doses, and to manage schedules remotely. Adding voice instructions and speech feedback for visually impaired patients to make the system more user-friendly.

    Intelligence Mediation System with Face ID · 2026 · DOI

  • Traditional methods of medication management rely heavily on human supervision, which may not always be feasible. Many existing solutions depend on password-based or manually operated mechanisms, which can be inconvenient and prone to misuse or user error. There is a need for a cost-effective, contactless, and intelligent approach to medication management.

    Intelligence Mediation System with Face ID · 2026 · DOI

  • Future studies can build on the current findings by examining the effectiveness of interventions that target self-efficacy and hypertension knowledge. Longitudinal studies can capture changes in adherence over time.

    Associations between self-reported adherence to antihypertensive medications and potential mechanisms of behavior change in a general outpatient sample · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a gap in understanding the mechanisms of behavior change that can inform interventions to improve adherence. Prior research has identified key factors, but the current study aims to provide further insight.

    Associations between self-reported adherence to antihypertensive medications and potential mechanisms of behavior change in a general outpatient sample · 2026 · DOI

  • Poor adherence to antihypertensive therapy is a key factor associated with inadequate blood pressure control and increased cardiovascular risk. Hypertensive patients in Iraq face unique challenges, including limited access to healthcare and socioeconomic constraints. Healthcare providers in Iraq may lack the resources and support to effectively manage hypertensive patients.

    Factors associated with non-adherence to antihypertensive therapy and blood pressure control in Iraq · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of studies examining factors associated with non-adherence to antihypertensive therapy in low- and middle-income countries. Prior studies have identified gaps in adherence support for hypertensive patients, particularly in resource-constrained settings.

    Factors associated with non-adherence to antihypertensive therapy and blood pressure control in Iraq · 2026 · DOI

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152 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 660 Medication Adherence and Compliance papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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