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Open research questions in Medication Adherence and Compliance

398 gap statements mined from Medication Adherence and Compliance papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 1,925 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • Future studies should consider combining self-report scales such as MARS-10 with more direct or objective adherence measures, including pharmacy refill records, pill counts, clinician-rated adherence, serum drug levels where clinically appropriate, or electronic medication monitoring systems. Finally, the generalizability of the findings may be limited by the characteristics of the sample and study setting.

    Medication Adherence, Treatment Attitudes, and Beliefs About Medicines in Romanian Psychiatric Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study · 2026 · DOI

  • The numerically higher, but not statistically significant, adherence in the intervention group, together with fewer reported MSM problems and greater patient preparedness to self-manage medication at home, suggests possible benefits of SelfMED that warrant further investigation.

    The Effect of Medication Self-Management During Hospitalisation (SelfMED) on Medication Adherence Post-Discharge in Oncology Patients with Polypharmacy: A Prospective, Exploratory, Single-Centre, Non-Randomised Pre–Post Intervention Study with Sequential Control and Intervention Cohorts · 2026 · DOI

  • The present data can therefore neither confirm nor rule out a clinically relevant effect, and this uncertainty warrants further investigation in an adequately powered study. In contrast, reviews on in-hospital MSM reported mixed findings regarding medication adherence, with some studies demonstrating improvements while others found no statistically significant differences.

    The Effect of Medication Self-Management During Hospitalisation (SelfMED) on Medication Adherence Post-Discharge in Oncology Patients with Polypharmacy: A Prospective, Exploratory, Single-Centre, Non-Randomised Pre–Post Intervention Study with Sequential Control and Intervention Cohorts · 2026 · DOI

  • This design can be replicated elsewhere, but several findings warrant further study. A quantitative phase incorporating validated adherence instruments alongside the factors identified here would deepen understanding of adherence, social inequality and technology use, and should include both public- and private-sector patients for comparison.

    Pharmacological adherence in Type 2 diabetes mellitus, social inequalities and technological influences in Barbados · 2026 · DOI

  • The absence of contextually relevant CDSS alerts, which is one of the key limitations of the Wasfaty e-prescribing platform, can lead to inappropriate prescribing practices, posing risks to patient safety and treatment efficacy. However, a significant limitation of the platform is its failure to accommodate common off-label indications for various treatments.

    Evaluating the Wasfaty E-Prescribing Platform Against Best Practices for Computerized Provider Order Entry · 2025 · DOI

  • To address these limitations, future research should consider longitudinal designs to assess the causal effects of the intervention, representative sampling techniques to enhance generalization, and the inclusion of objective indicators of medication adherence, levels of depression and self-efficacy, and social support.

    Self-Efficacy, Social Support, and Depression: Mediators of Medication Adherence in Dialysis Patients · 2025 · DOI

  • There is a significant need for evidence-based medication adherence interventions for patients with pSLE. Prior studies have yielded mixed or negative results. The study aims to address this gap by evaluating the effectiveness of an electronic pill bottle with automated reminders.

    Effect of an Electronic Pill Bottle on Hydroxychloroquine Adherence in Pediatric Lupus: Results of a Novel Direct‐to‐Family Pilot Trial · 2025 · DOI

  • Future studies should focus on identifying which criteria genuinely enhance patient safety and treatment accuracy, and which may be overly burdensome or redundant. This seems obvious but has not been fully validated. Few studies have been conducted on reducing serious medication errors by electronic prescribing.

    Impact of Electronic Transition and Prefilled Templates on Drug Prescription Compliance: Retrospective Study · 2024 · DOI

  • The review is limited by the interpretive nature of discourse analysis and the paucity of NLP studies directly addressing nonadherence.

    Patient Voice and Treatment Nonadherence in Cancer Care: A Scoping Review of Sentiment Analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • Future longitudinal or interventional studies are warranted to further examine the dynamic changes in these variables and their potential relationships over time.

    Association between health empowerment and medication literacy among older adults with coronary heart disease after PCI: the mediating role of self-efficacy for appropriate medication use · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should examine the impact of social support and health literacy on adherence, as well as test the long-term effectiveness of multifaceted interventions that combine financial relief, patient education, and mental health integration.

    Adherence Barriers, Patient Satisfaction, and Depression in Albanian Ambulatory Patients · 2025 · DOI

  • Future research should explore cultural and systemic barriers through qualitative studies and evaluate innovative, culturally adapted interventions in the Saudi context.

    A Cross-Sectional Survey on the Management of Medication Adherence Among Healthcare Professionals in Saudi Arabia · 2025 · DOI

  • Future research should explore strategies to overcome these barriers, such as offering alternative methods for monitoring adherence or adapting the technology to be more user-friendly and cost-effective to ensure the inclusivity of the intervention across diverse patient populations.

    A computational framework for longitudinal medication adherence prediction in breast cancer survivors: A social cognitive theory based approach · 2025 · DOI

  • Medication adherence among pediatric epilepsy patients is frequently suboptimal, and the complex interplay between parental social support, decision‐making participation, treatment satisfaction, and parental anxiety in influencing medication adherence remains underexplored.

    Pathways Linking Parental Social Support and Decision‐Making Participation to Medication Adherence in Children With Epilepsy: The Moderating Role of Parental Anxiety · 2025 · DOI

  • Despite designing an intervention based on the best evidence, the results were inconclusive; the lack of a detected effect could be explained by the limited implementation, which was insufficient for the complexity of the changes required (change of culture).

    EducAR: implementing a multicomponent strategy to improve therapeutic adherence in rheumatoid arthritis · 2025 · DOI

  • Future research should focus on the complexities of multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and the influence of cultural and personal perceptions on treatment adherence.

    A Phenomenological Approach to Medication Adherence in Elderly Patients: A Qualitative Study · 2024 · DOI

  • Acceptability and the actual time saved were not quantitatively assessed, and these aspects could be explored in future multicenter studies to minimize center bias.

    Impact of Electronic Transition and Prefilled Templates on Drug Prescription Compliance: Retrospective Study · 2024 · DOI

  • Health care utilization and cost impacts, of medication adherence above or below the 80% threshold, remains unclear for cardiometabolic medications.

    Healthcare utilization and costs associated with changes in medication adherence around the 80% threshold in patients with cardiovascular disease · 2026 · DOI

  • However, it is not well understood how patients experience barriers to taking their medications or what strategies might help them stay on track.

    Perceived Barriers and Supports to Medication Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes: A Qualitative Study of Patients with and without a Zero-Dollar Copay Health Plan Benefit · 2026 · DOI

  • However, it remains unknown how to use the results of MTX biochemical adherence tests to improve adherence.

    Development of a Complex Biofeedback-Based Intervention to Improve Methotrexate Adherence in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A COM-B Model Informed Qualitative Study · 2026 · DOI

  • The authors address an important yet relatively underexplored dimension of rehabilitation adherence by examining behavioral changes over time using a mixed-methods approach Their work contributes valuable insights into the dynamic nature of adherence among stroke survivors.

    Advancing the Understanding of Temporal Dynamics in Rehabilitation Adherence: Methodological Reflections on the Study by Shao et al [Letter] · 2026 · DOI

  • These findings suggest a potential benefit that warrants further investigation; our results provide preliminary evidence to inform the design of future prospective randomized controlled trials, rather than immediate integration into clinical practice.

    Association Between Mind Mapping Combined with Teach-Back and Follow-Up Adherence After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: An Exploratory Study · 2026 · DOI

  • These contrasts may reflect cultural and healthcare-system differences as well as the fact that the Italian survey was limited to AIOM/Meet-URO members while the ONCOassist sample represents a tech-selected group of app users.

    Global management of drug-drug interaction in patients with prostate cancer: international survey by Meet-URO group and ONCOassist · 2026 · DOI

  • High baseline adherence - Small sample size - The extent to which the home-based study design promoted adherence is unknown - Ceiling effect from the high background adherence of most study…

    Effect of an Electronic Pill Bottle on Hydroxychloroquine Adherence in Pediatric Lupus: Results of a Novel Direct‐to‐Family Pilot Trial · 2025 · DOI

  • These findings support further research into clinical populations and long-term implementation studies.

    Smart Blister System with and without Mobile App Support: A Randomized Controlled Usability Trial · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Medication Adherence and Compliance

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) The review is limited by the interpretive nature of discourse analysis and the paucity of NLP studies directly addressing nonadherence (“Patient Voice and Treatment Nonadherence in Cancer Care: A Scoping Review of…”, 2026); (2) Future longitudinal or interventional studies are warranted to further examine the dynamic changes in these variables and their potential relationships over time (“Association between health empowerment and medication literacy among older…”, 2026); (3) Health care utilization and cost impacts, of medication adherence above or below the 80% threshold, remains unclear for cardiometabolic medications (“Healthcare utilization and costs associated with changes in medication…”, 2026); (4) It is not well understood how patients experience barriers to taking their medications or what strategies might help them stay on track (“Perceived Barriers and Supports to Medication Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes: A…”, 2026); (5) It remains unknown how to use the results of MTX biochemical adherence tests to improve adherence (“Development of a Complex Biofeedback-Based Intervention to Improve Methotrexate…”, 2026). 398 gap statements have been mined from Medication Adherence and Compliance papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 1,925 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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