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Open research questions in Nosocomial Infections in ICU

238 gap statements mined from Nosocomial Infections in ICU papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 1,042 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • Unfortunately, universal definitions and established clinical characteristics remain debated, especially in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support for cardiopulmonary failure.

    Clinical characteristics associated with positive respiratory cultures in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation · 2026 · DOI

  • Polymicrobial infections further complicate antimicrobial selection and are associated with worse clinical outcomes; yet stratified resistance data comparing monomicrobial and polymicrobial infections remain scarce in this vulnerable population.

    Pathogen Spectrum, Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles, and Clinical Outcomes of Polymicrobial Versus Monomicrobial Infections in Children After Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Single-Center Cohort Study · 2026 · DOI

  • While oral care is recommended as a preventive measure, the relationship between standardized oral care practices and HAP incidence remains incompletely characterized.

    The association between the practice of oral care and the incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonia in intensive care medicine · 2025 · DOI

  • Further studies can investigate the long-term effects of structured oral care on patient outcomes. Research can explore the cost-effectiveness of implementing structured oral care in ICU settings.

    Impact of Adjuvant Oral Care on Clinical Outcomes in Mechanically Ventilated ICU Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial · 2026 · DOI

  • The study does not investigate the relationship between structured oral care adherence and patient outcomes, nor does it address barriers to implementing and sustaining oral care regimens in routine ICU nursing practice. Qualitative and implementation science studies are needed to understand compliance challenges and optimize integration of oral care into ICU protocols.

    Impact of Adjuvant Oral Care on Clinical Outcomes in Mechanically Ventilated ICU Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to identify clinical risk factors and microbial profiles associated with VAP. Prior studies have reported inconsistent findings on the predictive value of inflammatory markers for VAP.

    Risk factors, predictive biomarkers, and microbial profile of ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients: a retrospective cohort Study · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of standardized procedures for monitoring, identifying, and activating the emergency system. The need for improved emergency resuscitation capabilities.

    Process Improvement of In-Hospital Critical and Life-Threatening Patient Resuscitation: A Quality Improvement Project in a China Otolaryngology Hospital · 2026 · DOI

  • Future work should focus on well-designed multicenter studies to address evidence gaps in key interventions. While many recommendations are constrained by limited evidence grades, the core value lies in synthesizing fragmented clinical research and practical consensus into a structured action guide, providing crucial reference for clinical practice.

    Prevention and management of nosocomial infections in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a summary of best evidence · 2026 · DOI

  • The study highlights the need for targeted training programs to address this gap.

    Analyse des besoins en formation continue de professionnels de santé sur la lutte contre les infections nosocomiales : Résultats d’une enquête menée à l'Hôpital Général de Référence de Nsona-Nkulu, dans la Province du Kongo Central. · 2026 · DOI

  • Promoting adherence to prevention bundles is a complex challenge. Healthcare organizations face challenges in implementing and sustaining effective prevention strategies. Nurses may face barriers to adherence, such as lack of training or resources.

    Factors influencing nurses’ adherence to ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention bundles: a scoping review · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of research on the factors influencing nurses' adherence to ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention bundles. There is a need for further studies on the effectiveness of integrated strategies for promoting adherence.

    Factors influencing nurses’ adherence to ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention bundles: a scoping review · 2026 · DOI

  • Demographic recalculation for the consolidated cohort was performed assuming preservation of the proportional structure observed in the original cohort across the additional one-month patient sample, given that organism-level rather than patient-level data were available for Period 2; this assumption should be validated by the authors against the underlying patient registry prior to publication.

    Bacterial Profile and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital: A Prospective Observational Study · 2026 · DOI

  • Because of the lack of standardized infection definitions and the heterogeneity of ECMO populations, substantial residual heterogeneity persists for several factors.

    Risk factors for nosocomial infections in ECMO patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • Need for a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing literature.

    A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on Correlation Between Histopathological Lung Findings and Antibiotic Response in Bacterial Pneumonia · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between histopathological lung findings and antibiotic response in bacterial pneumonia. Prior studies have reported inconsistent findings, and a comprehensive review is needed to synthesize the existing literature.

    A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on Correlation Between Histopathological Lung Findings and Antibiotic Response in Bacterial Pneumonia · 2026 · DOI

  • The effect of the device on late-onset VAP remains unclear and requires further investigation with longer follow-up. In summary, in the context of heterogeneous evidence and lack of consensus on optimal oral care strategies, this study provides preliminary clinical evidence for a “continuous oral suction + structurally optimized dental pad” device.

    Clinical application of a novel gravity-weighted continuous oral suction dental pad in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia in intubated patients · 2026 · DOI

  • Current advances in respiratory and intensive care medicine often permit adequate sepsis control, but major surgery is necessary in select cases.

    Stepwise Surgical Management of Persistent Pleural and Parenchymal Sepsis Due to Pan-Resistant Pseudomonas Infection · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a dearth of studies among clinical experts on their practice regarding antibiotic usage. There is a need to assess clinical preferences and decision-making factors among clinicians regarding the use of co-amoxiclav and cefuroxime.

    Expert Perspectives on the Usage of Co-amoxiclav and Cefuroxime in Clinical Practice: A Cross-Sectional Survey from Indian Settings · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of standardized protocols for the use of antimicrobians in veterinary medicine. The need for more research on the pharmacokinetic profiles and risks of resistance associated with each antimicrobian.

    USO EXTRA-LABEL DE ANTIMICROBIANOS DE ORIGEM HUMANA NO TRATAMENTO DA PNEUMONIA BACTERIANA EM CÃES E GATOS: UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA · 2026 · DOI

  • Distinguishing infection from colonization is particularly difficult in mechanically ventilated patients. Management is further complicated by biofilm formation, intrinsic resistance to carbapenems, aminoglycosides, and many other β-lactams, and variable susceptibility to other agents commonly used against S. maltophilia.

    Ventilator-Associated Tracheobronchitis Versus Pneumonia Due to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in Critically Ill Patients: Outcomes and Antimicrobial Treatment Patterns in a Two-Center Cohort · 2026 · DOI

  • Fifth, as there was an overall low rate of antimicrobial resistance, the results of this trial may not be generalizable to environments with higher antibiotic resistance7,10,11.

    Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract during Ventilation in the ICU · 2026 · DOI

  • Currently, all implemented strategies (educational materials, assessment tools, infographics, etc.) are being prepared in partnership with the Brazilian Ministry of Health and Anvisa to create a document outlining a multimodal strategy to prevent the three HAI analyzed and to make the implementation guidelines publicly available.

    Scaling up improvement: the drive to reduce healthcare-associated infections in public Brazilian intensive care units across all patient ages · 2026 · DOI

  • While inflammatory markers such as NLR, MLR and SIRI have been investigated in various pulmonary diseases, their prognostic utility in HP remains inadequately studied.

    Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI) in Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: Association with Clinical Course and Mortality · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies to confirm the association between clinical syndrome and therapeutic failure, - Investigation of the effectiveness of different antimicrobial…

    Ventilator-Associated Tracheobronchitis Versus Pneumonia Due to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in Critically Ill Patients: Outcomes and Antimicrobial Treatment Patterns in a Two-Center Cohort · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the existing literature regarding the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of medical staff in Chinese hospitals regarding VAP.

    Preventing Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Medical Staff in Chinese Hospitals · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Nosocomial Infections in ICU

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) Qualitative and implementation science studies are needed to understand compliance challenges and optimize integration of oral care into ICU protocols (“Impact of Adjuvant Oral Care on Clinical Outcomes in Mechanically Ventilated…”, 2026); (2) There is a need to identify clinical risk factors and microbial profiles associated with VAP (“Risk factors, predictive biomarkers, and microbial profile of…”, 2026); (3) The lack of standardized procedures for monitoring, identifying, and activating the emergency system (“Process Improvement of In-Hospital Critical and Life-Threatening Patient…”, 2026); (4) Future work should focus on well-designed multicenter studies to address evidence gaps in key interventions (“Prevention and management of nosocomial infections in patients undergoing…”, 2026); (5) Nurses may face barriers to adherence, such as lack of training or resources (“Factors influencing nurses’ adherence to ventilator-associated pneumonia…”, 2026). 238 gap statements have been mined from Nosocomial Infections in ICU papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 1,042 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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