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Open research questions in Nutrition and Health in Aging

1,349 gap statements mined from Nutrition and Health in Aging papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 4,998 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • There is a need for comprehensive preoperative risk assessment in patients undergoing CABG that extends beyond conventional surgical risk scores. The study identifies a gap in the current understanding of the prognostic value of HUAC in patients undergoing CABG.

    Thoracic Skeletal Muscle Attenuation Predicts Sex-Specific Mortality After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting—Sex-Specific Insights into Risk Stratification and Frailty Assessment · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for pragmatic, validated tools that capture the multidimensional nature of nutritional risk. It remains unknown whether CONUT score is an appropriate tool for evaluating the risk of postoperative complications following operative hip fracture repair.

    Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score is associated with increased rates of mortality and postoperative complications following hip fracture surgery: a propensity-matched analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • The study aims to address the lack of research on the transition from supervised to self-managed resistance training in this population.

    Sustained and attenuated effects of transitioning from supervised to self-managed resistance training in older adults with type 2 diabetes and sarcopenia: a randomized controlled trial · 2026 · DOI

  • There is no single universally accepted method to screen for malnutrition. The relationship between myosteatosis and the CONUT score is not well understood. The prognostic association of myosteatosis with adverse in-hospital outcomes is not well studied.

    Myosteatosis is associated with adverse in-hospital outcomes and CONUT score in hospitalized internal medicine patients · 2026 · DOI

  • The study highlights the need for further research on the use of Strength, Assistance with walking, Rise from a chair, Climb stairs, and Falls and canonical SARC-F combined with calf circumference classifications in this population.

    Malnutrition, Sarcopenia Risk Screening, and Muscle Function in Subacute Stroke Survivors Admitted to Long-Term Care Rehabilitation Units · 2026 · DOI

  • The mechanisms underlying the relationship between the gut microbiota and sarcopenia are not well understood. The contribution of microbial changes to muscle impairment remains uncertain. The limits of causal interpretation and clinical translation of microbiota-targeted interventions require further investigation.

    The interaction mechanisms between sarcopenia and gut microbiota based on the gut-muscle axis · 2026 · DOI

  • The need for a practical bedside assessment tool to predict outcomes in patients with liver cirrhosis. The lack of studies comparing sonographic muscle thickness measurement and the Clinical Frailty Scale for their prognostic value in patients with liver cirrhosis.

    Frailty Rather Than Sonographic Muscle Measurement Predicts Outcome in Liver Cirrhosis · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper highlights the challenge of examining the temporal relationship between HbA1c and skeletal muscle health due to the lack of longitudinal studies. The review identifies the challenge of considering the risk of bias in individual studies and the need for more rigorous study designs to examine the relationship between HbA1c and skeletal muscle health.

    HbA1c and skeletal muscle health in type 2 diabetes: phenotype-specific associations across different analytical directions and mechanistic insights · 2026 · DOI

  • One of the challenges is the lack of awareness of sarcopenia in patients with rheumatic diseases. Another challenge is the limitations of current sarcopenia assessment tools in accurately diagnosing sarcopenia in patients with rheumatic diseases.

    Sarcopenia in Rheumatic Diseases: A Hidden Issue of Concern · 2025 · DOI

  • There is a lack of understanding of the prevalence and diagnosis of sarcopenia in patients with rheumatic diseases. Current sarcopenia assessment tools may not be appropriate for patients with rheumatic diseases. There is a need to explore the impact of sarcopenia on disease outcomes in patients with rheumatic diseases.

    Sarcopenia in Rheumatic Diseases: A Hidden Issue of Concern · 2025 · DOI

  • It highlights the need for a comprehensive review of various scientific groups' consensus papers and measurement techniques. The paper also identifies a gap in the understanding of the multifactorial nature of sarcopenia.

    Diagnostic Criteria and Measurement Techniques of Sarcopenia: A Critical Evaluation of the Up-to-Date Evidence · 2024 · DOI

  • The triggering cause of cancer-associated cachexia remains unknown. There is no therapy capable of reversing the harmful effects of cachexia. The molecular mechanisms of liver metabolism in cachexia are not well understood.

    Metabolic, Inflammatory, and Molecular Impact of Cancer Cachexia on the Liver · 2024 · DOI

  • The underlying molecular mechanisms of sarcopenia are still under investigation. The involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome in sarcopenia is not well understood.

    NLRP3 Contributes to Sarcopenia Associated to Dependency Recapitulating Inflammatory-Associated Muscle Degeneration · 2024 · DOI

  • The SARC-F questionnaire (Strength, Assistance in walking, Rise from a chair, Climb stairs, and Falls) provides a simple, low-cost, and practical tool for sarcopenia screening, though its optimal cut-off remains debated.

    Evaluating the predictive validity of SARC-F cut-off scores for low muscle strength among older adults in a low-income community · 2026 · DOI

  • Although weight reduction is generally expected to improve obesity-related obstructive sleep apnea, the specific effects of semaglutide on sleep-disordered breathing and long-term sleep-related outcomes in postmenopausal women are insufficiently characterized.

    Semaglutide in postmenopausal women: Clinical implications for weight loss, muscle health, and sleep-disordered breathing · 2026 · DOI

  • Current evidence is limited by retrospective designs lacking muscle strength data.

    Impact of Sarcopenia on Elderly Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Resection: Scoping Review · 2026 · DOI

  • The vast majority of studies examine the association between depression and sarcopenia based solely on severity at a single time point.

    Mapping Mental Trajectories to Physical Risk: An AI Framework for Predicting Sarcopenia from Dynamic Depression Patterns in Public Health · 2025 · DOI

  • Further studies are needed to validate the findings in a larger population, - Research should be conducted to explore the sex-dependent prognostic relevance of upper thoracic muscle quality, - Studies should investigate the potential of HUAC to improve risk stratification and frailty…

    Thoracic Skeletal Muscle Attenuation Predicts Sex-Specific Mortality After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting—Sex-Specific Insights into Risk Stratification and Frailty Assessment · 2026 · DOI

  • Investigating the long-term effects of self-managed resistance training, - Examining the impact of resistance training on other health outcomes, - Studying the effects of different types of exercise…

    Sustained and attenuated effects of transitioning from supervised to self-managed resistance training in older adults with type 2 diabetes and sarcopenia: a randomized controlled trial · 2026 · DOI

  • Investigate distinct neurological and muscular mechanisms, - Examine the effects of malnutrition and low HGS on stroke recovery, - Develop more accurate screening tools for sarcopenia…

    Malnutrition, Sarcopenia Risk Screening, and Muscle Function in Subacute Stroke Survivors Admitted to Long-Term Care Rehabilitation Units · 2026 · DOI

  • Findings vary with diagnostic definitions, comorbidities, medication exposure, diet, sampling, and analytical methods - The nonrandomized design limits causal interpretation - Clinical evidence remains preliminary - Sarcopenia-specific trials are needed to define patient selection, donor screening, administration protocols, durability of benefit, and short-and long-term…

    The interaction mechanisms between sarcopenia and gut microbiota based on the gut-muscle axis · 2026 · DOI

  • Further validation of the clinical importance of the relatively small performance differences between GLIM, PG-SGA, and ESPEN - Establishment of causality between GLIM-defined malnutrition and adverse clinical outcomes in patients with colorectal…

    Comparison of three malnutrition assessment criteria for predicting postoperative complications and overall survival in colorectal cancer · 2026 · DOI

  • The study did not establish bidirectional causality, - The evidence for physical performance remains inconsistent, - Associations with composite sarcopenia vary according to diagnostic frameworks and phenotype composition, - Direct human evidence supporting pathway-specific effects on individual muscle phenotypes remains…

    HbA1c and skeletal muscle health in type 2 diabetes: phenotype-specific associations across different analytical directions and mechanistic insights · 2026 · DOI

  • DXA has limitations, such as its inability to assess the quality of muscle mass and the significant variability in analytical methods between different manufacturers and models, - The non-portability of DXA equipment restricts its use among community-dwelling individuals, - The search was limited to articles related to the criteria of sarcopenia and measurement techniques in the PubMed…

    Diagnostic Criteria and Measurement Techniques of Sarcopenia: A Critical Evaluation of the Up-to-Date Evidence · 2024 · DOI

  • Further studies are needed to investigate the molecular mechanisms regulating aging and healthy aging, - The study of the involved factors and their interactions is crucial to facilitate improved diagnosis of pathologies, - Investigating the potential sources of inflammation and the role of NLRP3 activation…

    NLRP3 Contributes to Sarcopenia Associated to Dependency Recapitulating Inflammatory-Associated Muscle Degeneration · 2024 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Nutrition and Health in Aging

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) There is a need for comprehensive preoperative risk assessment in patients undergoing CABG that extends beyond conventional surgical risk scores (“Thoracic Skeletal Muscle Attenuation Predicts Sex-Specific Mortality After…”, 2026); (2) There is a need for pragmatic, validated tools that capture the multidimensional nature of nutritional risk (“Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score is associated with increased rates…”, 2026); (3) The study aims to address the lack of research on the transition from supervised to self-managed resistance training in this population (“Sustained and attenuated effects of transitioning from supervised to…”, 2026); (4) There is no single universally accepted method to screen for malnutrition (“Myosteatosis is associated with adverse in-hospital outcomes and CONUT score in…”, 2026); (5) The mechanisms underlying the relationship between the gut microbiota and sarcopenia are not well understood (“The interaction mechanisms between sarcopenia and gut microbiota based on the…”, 2026). 1,349 gap statements have been mined from Nutrition and Health in Aging papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 4,998 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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