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Open research questions in Organ Donation and Transplantation

37 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 727 Organ Donation and Transplantation papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • The present study has several limitations, including the relatively small patient cohort, limited long-term follow-up, and absence of long-term graft survival data. In addition, biopsy-confirmed etiological diagnoses were unavailable in several recipients because renal biopsy services historically had not been routinely accessible.

    Establishing a kidney transplant program in a post-conflict region: The initial experience of Ibn Sina Teaching Hospital in Sirte, Libya · 2026 · DOI

  • Future objectives of the transplant program include expansion of transplant capacity, development of advanced HLA laboratories, establishment of local renal pathology services, expansion of pediatric transplant programs, development of a national Libyan transplant registry, expansion of transplantation services to additional Libyan cities, and potential future establishment of deceased donor transplantation programs.[18–20] Continued educational activities and progressive local physician leadership remain essential for ensuring long-term sustainability and institutional independence.

    Establishing a kidney transplant program in a post-conflict region: The initial experience of Ibn Sina Teaching Hospital in Sirte, Libya · 2026 · DOI

  • Some limitations were considered in carrying out this study. The response of the respondents on willingness to donate organs is prone to social desirability bias because attitudes do not necessarily reflect one’s actual behaviour when confronted with a real-life situation. Furthermore, the study does not claim to be comprehensive because it took place in Kano region of North-western region of Nigeria, therefore findings from one community need to be extrapolated with caution. Nigeria has six geopolitical regions with diverse socio-ethno-cultural differences. This could be an important area for further research at National level.

    Comparative study on knowledge, attitudes and willingness regarding donation of living organs for transplantation among rural and urban dwellers of Kano state, Nigeria · 2026 · DOI

  • The intention-behavior gap (69.8% willingness but 58.6% family objections) lacks mechanistic explanation; intervention research must test whether culturally competent communication training for health students reduces family objections to eye donation and converts awareness into actual corneal donation pledges.

    Knowledge and Attitude Practices Regarding Eye Donation among University Students of Lahore: A Cross-Sectional Institution-Based Study · 2026 · DOI

  • Social desirability and recall bias from self-reported data were not addressed; future research should employ mixed methods combining self-report instruments with objective measures of eye donation behavior and validate findings regarding the 27.4% religious prohibition barrier and 32.4% preference for credible information sources.

    Knowledge and Attitude Practices Regarding Eye Donation among University Students of Lahore: A Cross-Sectional Institution-Based Study · 2026 · DOI

  • Prior exposure to organ donation content within health curricula was not measured, creating unexplained variance in knowledge and attitude differences across faculties; future studies must document and control for existing curriculum coverage of eye donation technical knowledge including retrieval windows and preservation protocols.

    Knowledge and Attitude Practices Regarding Eye Donation among University Students of Lahore: A Cross-Sectional Institution-Based Study · 2026 · DOI

  • The cross-sectional design prevents causal inference between demographic variables and eye donation knowledge or attitudes; future research requires experimental or quasi-experimental designs testing curricular modules or community-based awareness campaigns' effectiveness on corneal donation intentions.

    Knowledge and Attitude Practices Regarding Eye Donation among University Students of Lahore: A Cross-Sectional Institution-Based Study · 2026 · DOI

  • Comparative analysis between health faculty and non-health student groups is absent; intervention-based research must measure the independent effect of health education curricula on eye donation willingness by directly comparing educated versus non-educated student populations in Pakistan.

    Knowledge and Attitude Practices Regarding Eye Donation among University Students of Lahore: A Cross-Sectional Institution-Based Study · 2026 · DOI

  • The study employed only quantitative self-reported questionnaires without qualitative methods; future research must incorporate focus group discussions and in-depth interviews to systematically explore how cultural and religious factors specifically predetermine reluctance to eye donation among Pakistani health students.

    Knowledge and Attitude Practices Regarding Eye Donation among University Students of Lahore: A Cross-Sectional Institution-Based Study · 2026 · DOI

  • Current sampling is limited to Lahore institutions; nationally representative data on eye donation awareness across Pakistan's multiple regions and demographic contexts is absent, preventing generalization of findings regarding cultural and religious barriers to corneal donation.

    Knowledge and Attitude Practices Regarding Eye Donation among University Students of Lahore: A Cross-Sectional Institution-Based Study · 2026 · DOI

  • The study lacks longitudinal measurement of knowledge and attitude change following specific educational interventions on eye donation; future research must implement pre-post designs measuring knowledge retention and attitude shifts after curriculum-based or awareness campaign modules targeting health students in Pakistan.

    Knowledge and Attitude Practices Regarding Eye Donation among University Students of Lahore: A Cross-Sectional Institution-Based Study · 2026 · DOI

  • Objective: Facial vascularized composite allotransplantation (FVCA) can cost over 1 million dollars per procedure and is usually not covered by insurance, yet this financial burden and public opinion surrounding this procedure are not well understood.

    Policies and Price Tags: The Public’s Perception of Face Transplantation and Its Funding · 2021 · DOI

  • Because previous studies produced mixed results, showing in particular substantially more support for material incentives among an international sample of nursing professionals, as compared to a convenience sample of college students, we compared in this study the motivations among practitioners in the fields of nursing and social work.

    Is the “Gift of Life” a Resonant Frame? · 2016 · DOI

  • Consistent with prior literature and experience, while live, related kidney donors are scarce, we found that kidney transplant was more adequate and less expensive than HD.

    A Cost Analysis of Kidney Replacement Therapy Options in Palestine · 2015 · DOI

  • While little is known about African Americans’ attitudes and knowledge about organ donation, even less is known about how African Americans’ attitudes, values, and beliefs affect their behavior and behavioral intentions regarding organ donation; or how African Americans’ views are similar to or different from those of European Americans.

    Similarities and Differences Between African Americans’ and European Americans’ Attitudes, Knowledge, and Willingness to Communicate About Organ Donation<sup>1</sup> · 2003 · DOI

  • [4] Critics at the First International Conference on Non-Heart-Beating Donors, held 1995, said that there were insufficient data to be certain that the heart could not autoresuscitate at two minutes and that one needed to wait ten minutes.

    When Is "Dead"? · 1999 · DOI

  • Frequently reported reasons for family refusal include fear of body mutilation, discomfort in discussing death, and limited knowledge about the donation process¹⁹.

    Deceased-donor kidney transplantation in Brazil, 2014-2024: temporal patterns, regional heterogeneity, and donation-context indicators. · 2026 · DOI

  • The association between moral distress and self-reported intention to leave transplantation, though exploratory, highlights the need for further investigation of retention-focused support strategies in procurement teams.

    Moral distress and turnover intention in deceased donor organ procurement teams in Serbia: a cross-sectional study · 2026 · DOI

  • Abstract Background Deceased donor organ procurement presents distinct ethical challenges for transplant teams, yet moral distress among these professionals remains understudied, particularly in low-donation settings.

    Moral distress and turnover intention in deceased donor organ procurement teams in Serbia: a cross-sectional study · 2026 · DOI

  • The indicators varied widely in definition and classification and were distributed across multiple stages of the living kidney donation process, with a substantial concentration in the living-donation phase.

    Quality indicators in living kidney donation for transplantation: a scoping review · 2026 · DOI

  • The exchanges we report were all simultaneous two- way swaps performed locally; therefore, the findings may not be generalizable to multicenter chains or shipped-graft models.

    Reemerging kidney paired donation in Korea: simultaneous two-way swaps to overcome human leukocyte antigen and anatomic barriers · 2026 · DOI

  • We first analyse studies that compare the donation rates in other regions due to such a system switch and find that organ increase is inconclusive and modest at best.

    Opt-in Vs. Opt-out of Organ Donation in Scotland: Bioethical analysis · 2022 · DOI

  • This, at present, is insufficient: with a huge demand for such operations, very few of them are carried out, and public funds are spent on the treatment of citizens abroad, although in Ukraine it would be many times cheaper.

    PECULIARITIES OF FINANCIAL AND LEGAL REGULATION IN THE FIELD OF TRANSPLANTATION: CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS · 2021 · DOI

  • BACKGROUND: National guidelines require programmes use subjective assessments of social support when determining transplant suitability, despite limited evidence linking it to outcomes.

    How important is social support in determining patients’ suitability for transplantation? Results from a National Survey of Transplant Clinicians · 2018 · DOI

  • The procedure has low complication rates and positive outcomes; despite this evidence, the number of living kidney donations has decreased in recent years, and the causes are not well understood.

    The Cost of Organ Donation: Potential Living Kidney Donors' Perspectives: Table 1: · 2015 · DOI

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37 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 727 Organ Donation and Transplantation papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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