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Open research questions in Ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment

438 gap statements mined from Ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 3,240 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

Choosing where to publish on Ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment? See the ranked Medicine journals.

What the literature leaves open

  • There is a lack of awareness about the potential for hepatic metastases from ovarian granulosa cell tumors to mimic simple hepatic cysts on imaging. The diagnosis of these metastases can be challenging due to their rarity and similarity in appearance to benign lesions.

    Surgical resection of a liver metastasis from an ovarian granulosa cell tumor mimicking a simple hepatic cyst · 2026 · DOI

  • The unclear origin of uterine serous carcinoma (USC) is a significant gap in current understanding. Emerging evidence suggests a more complex etiology than previously thought, with a need for molecular technologies to investigate this question. The study aims to address this gap by comparing DNA methylation profiles between USC, FTE, and normal uterus.

    DNA Methylation Patterns Between Serous Uterine and Ovarian Carcinomas Indicate Shared Markers with Fallopian Tube Epithelium and Distinctions Consistent with Histopathology · 2026 · DOI

  • One of the challenges identified is the limited success rate of obtaining patient-derived organoids in early passages. Another challenge is the high cost and long turnaround time of traditional preclinical models, such as patient-derived xenografts. The paper also highlights the need for more standardized methods for growing and testing organoids.

    Translational applications and clinical utility of organoids in ovarian cancer: a systematic review · 2026 · DOI

  • The need for further research in understanding the relationships between tumor biology, chemosensitivity, resectability, and benefit from maintenance treatment. The challenge of developing and prospectively validating integrated models capable of assigning each patient to the surgical timing and therapeutic sequence most likely to maximize survival while limiting unnecessary morbidity.

    Editorial: New horizons in the management of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer · 2026 · DOI

  • The need for dedicated prospective trials to confirm the potential benefits of PARP inhibitors in OCS.

    Recent Developments in Rare Ovarian Carcinosarcoma: Literature Review and Case Report · 2025 · DOI

  • Need for accurate differentiation between benign and malignant masses.

    Utility of a Multimodal Biomarker Panel and Serum Proapoptotic Activity to Refine Diagnosis of Ovarian Adnexal Masses · 2025 · DOI

  • The lack of effective methods for early detection of HGSC. The need for further research on the chemosensitivity of STIC and its progression to HGSC.

    Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Carcinoma After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Report of 2 Cases · 2024 · DOI

  • However, its long-term effectiveness in routine clinical practice remains unclear.

    Time-varying association of first-line bevacizumab with progression-free survival in advanced ovarian cancer: A multicenter matched cohort study · 2026 · DOI

  • Hyperthyroidism may increase the rate of epithelial ovarian tumors, though clinical significance remains unclear, warranting further research.

    Risk of Epithelial Ovarian Tumors among Women Diagnosed with Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism: Findings from a Large Nationwide Cohort Study · 2026 · DOI

  • Therapy-induced cellular injury and regulated cell death can reshape inflammatory signaling and the tumor microenvironment, but the relationship between death-associated stress responses and secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1/osteopontin)-expressing myeloid cells or keratin 5 (KRT5)-positive epithelial states remains incompletely defined.

    Cell-death-associated inflammatory remodeling of the SPP1/KRT5 axis in high-grade serous ovarian cancer: multi-omics, single-cell, and irradiation validation · 2026 · DOI

  • To improve STIC detection, SEE-FIM pathology protocol is recommended when patients are undergoing risk-reducing surgery to prevent ovarian cancer, but challenges such as diagnostic variability and limited data persist.

    From Fallopian Tube to Ovarian Cancer: Understanding the Evaluation and Management of Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Carcinoma Lesions · 2025 · DOI

  • Management of STIC is challenging, as there is only limited data available to guide clinical decision-making.

    From Fallopian Tube to Ovarian Cancer: Understanding the Evaluation and Management of Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Carcinoma Lesions · 2025 · DOI

  • Future studies are needed to better understand the impact of FOLR1 heterogeneity on patient response to therapy.

    Heterogeneity and Scoring Reproducibility of Folate Receptor 1 Immunohistochemistry in High-grade Serous Carcinoma · 2025 · DOI

  • Parity and breastfeeding are associated with systemic changes in maternal inflammation and reduced risk of ovarian cancer, but little is known about their impact on the ovarian tumor immune microenvironment.

    Associations between Parity, History of Breastfeeding, and T-cell Profile of Ovarian Tumors · 2025 · DOI

  • Prior studies of the association between age at menarche and ovarian cancer risk have been inconsistent, whereas age at thelarche has not been examined in relation to ovarian cancer incidence.

    Pubertal Timing and Incident Ovarian Cancer in the Sister Study Cohort · 2025 · DOI

  • IMPACT: Though our results do not provide clear evidence of associations of pubertal timing with ovarian cancer incidence, possible associations of earlier thelarche and menarche with increased incidence of ovarian clear-cell carcinoma may warrant further investigation, especially considering secular trends toward earlier thelarche.

    Pubertal Timing and Incident Ovarian Cancer in the Sister Study Cohort · 2025 · DOI

  • Napsin-A is regarded as the most specific immunohistochemical marker of CCC, but its expression in MLA and MA has not been widely investigated.

    Napsin-A Expression in Mesonephric and Mesonephric-like Adenocarcinomas: Implications for Distinction From Clear Cell Carcinoma · 2025 · DOI

  • Bilateral fallopian tube involvement in a pediatric SBT has not been described hitherto.

    Bilateral Borderline Serous Tumor of Fallopian Tube in a Child With Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome: An Exceptionally Rare Combination · 2025 · DOI

  • Extra-ovarian, extra-uterine SCLEC arising from the broad ligament has been rarely reported.

    Sex Cord–like Endometrioid Carcinoma Arising From Broad Ligament, a Challenging Diagnosis: Report of 2 Cases · 2025 · DOI

  • Investigation of the efficacy of targeting the G1/S phase transition of the cell cycle, - Clinical trials investigating the efficacy of targeting the G2/M checkpoint pathway…

    G2/M Checkpoint Dependency in High-Grade Serous Tubo-Ovarian Carcinoma: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications · 2026 · DOI

  • Further accumulation of cases is required to better define the clinical significance of surgical resection for hepatic metastases and limited extrahepatic disease in recurrent GCT, - Investigation of the effectiveness of adjuvant therapy after complete resection of recurrent adult…

    Surgical resection of a liver metastasis from an ovarian granulosa cell tumor mimicking a simple hepatic cyst · 2026 · DOI

  • High costs and long turnaround time of PDX models, - Limited success rate for obtaining PDTOs in early passages for certain histological subtypes, - Intrinsic resistance to standard drugs for Clear Cell Ovarian Cancer, - Potential physical drug penetration barrier in the culture…

    Translational applications and clinical utility of organoids in ovarian cancer: a systematic review · 2026 · DOI

  • Investigate the specific regulated cell-death modality, - Examine the relationship between SPP1/KRT5 axis and treatment-associated microenvironment remodeling in other cancer…

    Cell-death-associated inflammatory remodeling of the SPP1/KRT5 axis in high-grade serous ovarian cancer: multi-omics, single-cell, and irradiation validation · 2026 · DOI

  • Much of the evidence supporting ultraradical surgery remains observational - Routine port-site excision has not demonstrated a survival benefit - The model is hypothesis-generating and should not alter current…

    Editorial: New horizons in the management of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer · 2026 · DOI

  • The study only describes 2 cases, - There are limited opportunities to study the biological course of STIC due to the rarity of the disease, - The numbers in previous studies were small, - The majority of surgically removed STICs are not followed by HGSC later…

    Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Carcinoma After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Report of 2 Cases · 2024 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment

Most recent work

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) There is a lack of awareness about the potential for hepatic metastases from ovarian granulosa cell tumors to mimic simple hepatic cysts on imaging (“Surgical resection of a liver metastasis from an ovarian granulosa cell tumor…”, 2026); (2) Its long-term effectiveness in routine clinical practice remains unclear (“Time-varying association of first-line bevacizumab with progression-free…”, 2026); (3) Hyperthyroidism may increase the rate of epithelial ovarian tumors, though clinical significance remains unclear, warranting further research (“Risk of Epithelial Ovarian Tumors among Women Diagnosed with Hypothyroidism and…”, 2026); (4) Future studies are needed to better understand the impact of FOLR1 heterogeneity on patient response to therapy (“Heterogeneity and Scoring Reproducibility of Folate Receptor 1…”, 2025); (5) Parity and breastfeeding are associated with systemic changes in maternal inflammation and reduced risk of ovarian cancer, but little is known about their impact on the ovarian tumor immune microenvironment (“Associations between Parity, History of Breastfeeding, and T-cell Profile of…”, 2025). 438 gap statements have been mined from Ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 3,240 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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