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Open research questions in Pediatric Pain Management Techniques

360 gap statements mined from Pediatric Pain Management Techniques papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 1,975 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • Future research should consider these aspects, as they may provide valuable guidance for designing VR therapy interventions, enhancing user experience, and improving user retention.

    Experiences and perceptions of cancer patients receiving virtual reality therapy: a meta‑synthesis of qualitative research · 2026 · DOI

  • Future studies should use homogeneous surgical populations and consider outcomes more directly related to pain and distress rather than LOS, as this may provide a clearer understanding of the intervention’s true effect.

    Focus on comfort: the effect of focus language on postoperative hospital stay compared to the Numeric Rating Scale in children receiving postoperative care—a pre-post study · 2026 · DOI

  • It is the first to examine current CPPS practices across both Belgian linguistic communities, Flanders and Wallonia, addressing a major gap in an underresearched but clinically important field.

    Practices and attitudes of physicians regarding palliative sedation in children: a cross-sectional survey · 2026 · DOI

  • One challenge identified by the study is the potential for virtual reality to cause cybersickness or other negative side effects in some children. Another challenge is the need for more research on the use of virtual reality as a distraction tool in medical procedures. The study also notes the challenge of recruiting and retaining participants in a randomized controlled trial.

    The impact of virtual reality on heart rate variation during childhood vaccination: a randomised controlled trial · 2026 · DOI

  • Roaa Shaban* Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Pain in non-verbal children with neurocognitive impairment (NCI) remains a complex and frequently under-recognized clinical challenge.

    Pain assessment in non-verbal children with neurocognitive impairment: a review on current tools, challenges, and clinical perspectives · 2026 · DOI

  • This study has several strengths, including its multicenter design, inclusion of the ten hospitals providing pediatric surgical care in Kinshasa during the study period, and relatively large sample. Similarly, the limited information collected on tramadol use does not allow conclusions its appropriateness in neonates.

    Knowledge and practices regarding postoperative neonatal pain assessment among healthcare professionals in Kinshasa: a multicenter cross-sectional survey · 2026 · DOI

  • Since the duration of action of S-ESPB in pediatric patients is not well established, it remains unclear whether its effects extend beyond the first postoperative hours and if it reduces the likelihood of delayed pain during the first night or following days.

    Comparison of Sacral Erector Spinae Plane Block vs. Ring Block for Postoperative Analgesia Management Following Circumcision Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Multicenter Trial · 2025 · DOI

  • Despite growing research on the benefits of integrating digital health technologies into chronic pain management, robust data supporting the use of VR technology for children or adolescents with chronic pain are lacking.

    Parents’ Perspectives on the Use of Virtual Reality in Pediatric Chronic Pain Management: Qualitative Study · 2025 · DOI

  • Few studies have evaluated the benefits of secretion removal techniques in neonates, and the results are often conflicting. Additionally, most studies focus on patients with bronchiolitis, with limited research on those under mechanical ventilation.

    Short-Term Effects of Conventional Chest Physiotherapy and Expiratory Flow Increase Technique on Respiratory Parameters, Heart Rate, and Pain in Mechanically Ventilated Premature Neonates: A Randomized Controlled Trial · 2024 · DOI

  • The clinical efficacy of S. salivarius K12 in preventing URTIs is not fully understood. The determinants that may affect the clinical outcomes of S. salivarius K12 are not well established. Further research is needed to confirm the findings and better understand the role of S. salivarius K12 in preventing respiratory infections.

    Efficacy of Streptococcus salivarius Blis K12 in the Prevention of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Physically Active Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Trial · 2024 · DOI

  • While there is emerging evidence that supports VR use in a wide variety of health conditions including chronic pain, future research should focus on producing theoretically rigorous work that focuses on mechanisms, and transparency in research methods and that systematically assesses side effects in order to generate robust generalizable knowledge.

    Virtual Reality Interventions and Chronic Pain: Scoping Review · 2024 · DOI

  • Third, we note that this article is unable to make a detailed examination of particular methodologies of VR interventions, partly because of a lack of data but also partly because of lack of comprehensive detail on VR methods in many of the articles reviewed.

    Virtual Reality Interventions and Chronic Pain: Scoping Review · 2024 · DOI

  • Future studies are needed to compare its clinical effectiveness, feasibility, and cost with conventional methods, and to confirm safety in larger paediatric populations.

    The use of the S-Caine patch is safe and feasible in children younger than three: a nonrandomised clinical trial · 2026 · DOI

  • Comparisons with previous studies are challenging because studies using consistent follow-up periods are scarce.

    Incidence and Risk Factors for Acute and Persistent Postoperative Pediatric Pain: The 4P Prospective Observational Multicenter Study · 2026 · DOI

  • However, to our knowledge, no studies have examined co-occurring pain and mental symptoms using person-centred statistical approaches in youth with chronic pain during the pandemic.

    Decoding pain and mental health patterns in youth with chronic pain during COVID-19 · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research with samples representing a wider gender distribution of young adults and clinicians, including non-binary participants, and more diverse healthcare settings is warranted.

    “Too little, too late”: a qualitative exploration of the unique pain management unmet needs of young adults with migraine · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should explore the long-term benefits and potential refinements of this technique to further optimize sedation protocols for this vulnerable patient population.

    Effect of parental presence on intravenous sedation in children with cyanotic heart disease undergoing CT angiography: a prospective randomized trial · 2026 · DOI

  • These limitations should be considered when interpreting the results, trials with and blinded outcome assessment are warranted to confirm the effectiveness of this program.

    Application effects analysis of a nurse-led and family-involved pain management program for children with limb fractures · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research is needed to validate these findings in clinical populations, explore long-term effects, and further investigate the mechanisms underlying robotic interventions.

    The Potential of a Robot Presence in Close Relationship to Influence Human Responses to Experimental Pain · 2025 · DOI

  • Future research should focus on piloting and evaluating the PoPPc digital hub and actively recruiting underrepresented caregiver groups, including those who are non-English-speaking, rural, or digitally excluded.

    Balancing Care and Sacrifice: Lived Experiences and Support Needs of Primary Caregivers in Pediatric Chronic Pain Across Canada and Australia · 2025 · DOI

  • Future research should explore the long-term impacts of child-centered care on children’s psychological and emotional well-being post-hospitalization.

    Child-Centered Care: A Qualitative Study Exploring Pediatric Hospitalization Through Children’s Perspectives · 2024 · DOI

  • Although no previous studies have directly compared these interventions during SPT, several studies conducted during venipuncture have reported mixed findings.

    The effect of virtual reality and buzzy® on pain, fear, and anxiety during skin prick testing in children: a randomized controlled trial · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should (1) include the perspectives of parents and nurses in this context to triangulate findings; (2) develop and test interventions based on DS-informed insights, such as pre-procedure drawing activities; (3) conduct cross-cultural comparisons to distinguish universal from context-specific factors; and (4) undertake longitudinal studies to understand the long-term impact of procedural distress…

    Children’s psychological perceptions and responses to pain and fear during venipuncture: a qualitative study using an arts-based data collection method · 2026 · DOI

  • First, mechanism-first design: trials should nominate a pathway, select the outcomes it predicts, and use mechanism-matched comparators, that is, engaging but mechanistically inert content, with preregistered mediation analysis; second, a core outcome set for pediatric procedural distress specifying instruments, assessment timing, minimal important differences, and at least one behavioral and one longitudinal…

    Animation-assisted psychological intervention in pediatric care: mechanisms, clinical applications, and emerging evidence · 2026 · DOI

  • The study asks whether eligible participants can be recruited and complete study procedures with acceptable levels of missing data and technical difficulty; whether children and parents find the intervention understandable, engaging, useful, and appropriate; whether clinicians find it relevant and feasible; what VR-related symptoms occur; whether children report immediate exploratory changes in anxiety and calmness…

    Feasibility, acceptability, and tolerability of operation calm: a mixed-methods evaluation with children, parents, and clinicians · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Pediatric Pain Management Techniques

Most recent work

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) Future research should consider these aspects, as they may provide valuable guidance for designing VR therapy interventions, enhancing user experience, and improving user retention (“Experiences and perceptions of cancer patients receiving virtual reality…”, 2026); (2) Future studies should use homogeneous surgical populations and consider outcomes more directly related to pain and distress rather than LOS, as this may provide a clearer understanding of the intervention’s true effect (“Focus on comfort: the effect of focus language on postoperative hospital stay…”, 2026); (3) Future studies are needed to compare its clinical effectiveness, feasibility, and cost with conventional methods, and to confirm safety in larger paediatric populations (“The use of the S-Caine patch is safe and feasible in children younger than…”, 2026); (4) Comparisons with previous studies are challenging because studies using consistent follow-up periods are scarce (“Incidence and Risk Factors for Acute and Persistent Postoperative Pediatric…”, 2026); (5) Future research with samples representing a wider gender distribution of young adults and clinicians, including non-binary participants, and more diverse healthcare settings is warranted (““Too little, too late”: a qualitative exploration of the unique pain management…”, 2026). 360 gap statements have been mined from Pediatric Pain Management Techniques papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 1,975 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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