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Open research questions in Pelvic floor disorders treatments

180 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 990 Pelvic floor disorders treatments papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • Distal failure remains a major concern in spinopelvic fixation. Pelvic screw loosening is a challenge in S2AI spinopelvic fixation. The study had to adjust for confounding and cohort imbalance using inverse probability weighting.

    S2-Alar-Iliac Pelvic Fixation With Standard vs Porous Fusion/Fixation Implants: An Inverse Probability Weighted 1-Year Preliminary Comparative Analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • Single-center retrospective cohort study, - Limited sample size of 90 patients, - Short follow-up period of 1 year

    S2-Alar-Iliac Pelvic Fixation With Standard vs Porous Fusion/Fixation Implants: An Inverse Probability Weighted 1-Year Preliminary Comparative Analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • INTRODUCTION: Vacuum-assisted delivery is a major risk factor for obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI), yet agreement is lacking on whether mediolateral episiotomy mitigates risk.

    Episiotomy is associated with a reduced risk of obstetric anal sphincter injury in nulliparous vacuum‐assisted deliveries, particularly in high‐risk cases · 2026 · DOI

  • Abstract Introduction Despite the perineal body's important functional role, few studies have specifically evaluated its size in women.

    Three‐dimensional endoanal ultrasound measurements for the assessment of perineal body size in a cohort of Swedish nulligravidae · 2026 · DOI

  • INTRODUCTION: It is still poorly understood to what extent various obstetric and non-obstetric factors contribute to anal incontinence in women from a lifetime perspective.

    Age‐related long‐term effects of vaginal delivery, pregnancy, and sphincter injury on anal continence: A matched cohort study · 2026 · DOI

  • Abstract Introduction Little is known about the pelvic floor hiatal dimensions in labor, despite this being the soft tissue complex through which the fetus passes in a vaginal delivery.

    Association between maternal and fetal characteristics and levator hiatal dimensions in the second stage of labor · 2026 · DOI

  • INTRODUCTION: There is considerable variation in reported perineal wound infection occurrences and limited knowledge of postpartum follow-up for perineal injuries.

    Occurrence of wound infections after perineal tears and perineal assessment in postpartum care: A prospective cohort study · 2026 · DOI

  • INTRODUCTION: Fecal incontinence (FI) during pregnancy and after childbirth is an underrecognized condition that may affect women's physical, psychological, and social well-being.

    Fecal incontinence from early pregnancy to 12 months postpartum: A longitudinal cohort study from Tuscany · 2026 · DOI

  • Despite this, risk factors for deep wound dehiscence involving perineal musculature remain insufficiently studied.

    Risk factors associated with deep perineal wound dehiscence after second‐degree perineal tears or episiotomy · 2026 · DOI

  • These findings do not support continuation of our current implementation and simpler strategies to facilitate patient education and shared decision-making should be explored.

    Evaluating the early effects of using an online educational module to elicit patient preferences for treatment following pre-visit screening for urinary incontinence in primary care · 2026 · DOI

  • Apart from few larger studies data on prevalence and severity of UI and FI is scarce, especially among the > 80 yrs.

    Urine and fecal incontinence prevalence is increased in later born 81-year old cohorts in the Swedish general elder population: data from the Good Aging in Skåne study (GÅS) · 2026 · DOI

  • However, the complex interrelationships among stigma, care needs, and quality of life remain unclear.

    Quality of life in older adults with urinary incontinence and its impact on the stigma-care needs network: latent profile and network analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • Sensor-based UI technologies have been introduced to support timely and individualized care beyond routine check-and-change practices, but their effectiveness remains unclear.

    Urinary Incontinence Management Using Sensor-Based Technologies: A Systematic Review with Narrative Synthesis · 2026 · DOI

  • INTRODUCTION: While the role of vaginal packing following vaginal reconstructive surgery and vaginal hysterectomy was well-explored, data regarding laparoscopic reconstructive surgery are lacking.

    Vaginal packing after laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy and surgical outcome after one year: A randomized controlled trial · 2025 · DOI

  • CONCLUSIONS: The study findings highlight a concerning gap in understanding UI among healthcare students despite their pivotal role as future healthcare professionals and underscore the urgent need for comprehensive educational strategies to bridge the knowledge gap and foster more positive attitudes toward UI and their implementation in clinical practice to improve patient health outcomes.

    Educating the future: Serbian healthcare students’ knowledge and attitudes toward urinary incontinence · 2025 · DOI

  • Although many studies have shown that vaginal childbirth is a risk factor, little is known about the effects of pregnancy.

    Pelvic floor structural changes during the first singleton pregnancy and the risk factors of stress urinary incontinence · 2025 · DOI

  • Limited data exist on the impact of combinations of management strategies employed during the second stage of labor on perineal outcomes.

    Effects of manual perineal protection and pushing techniques used in the second stage of labor on perineal outcomes: a randomized controlled trial of combinations of strategies · 2025 · DOI

  • Although solid evidence has shown comparable outcomes between RAS and laparoscopy, there is still limited evidence on the safety and feasibility of novel multi-arm robotic platforms.

    Comparative outcomes of Hugo™ robotic and laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy in a high-volume tertiary center: a propensity-matched study · 2025 · DOI

  • Few data exist on the prevention of anal incontinence and this should therefore be included in future trials.

    The pelvic floor during pregnancy and delivery: Can pelvic floor trauma and disorders be prevented? · 2024 · DOI

  • One study suggested that pelvic floor training may be associated with shorter active pushing phase during childbirth,3 but few studies have focused on whether PFMT during pregnancy can prevent levator trauma.

    The pelvic floor during pregnancy and delivery: Can pelvic floor trauma and disorders be prevented? · 2024 · DOI

  • However, the extent of damage to the perineal body varies widely, and there is reason to believe that larger second-degree tears may be associated with more pelvic floor symptoms, compared to lesser form.

    Pelvic floor symptoms according to the severity of second‐degree perineal tears within 12 months post‐partum: A longitudinal prospective cohort study · 2024 · DOI

  • The optimal incidence of episiotomy remains controversial in the literature and among professionals.

    Evolution of Episiotomy Incidence and Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury Over 10 Years: A Mixed‐Methods Study · 2024 · DOI

  • INTRODUCTION: Little is known about the range and frequency of symptoms among older adult home healthcare patients with urinary incontinence, as this information is predominantly contained in clinical notes.

    Applying natural language processing to understand symptoms among older adult home healthcare patients with urinary incontinence · 2024 · DOI

  • Although there is growing evidence revealing the potential association between sedentary behavior and urinary incontinence (UI) across populations of different ages, the relationship between sedentary behavior and urinary symptoms in older women, who are twice as likely to have UI than older men, has not been reviewed.

    Patterns of sedentary behavior among older women with urinary incontinence and urinary symptoms: a scoping review · 2024 · DOI

  • CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest a potential relationship between sedentary behavior and UI in older women, but the causality of the relationship remains unclear.

    Patterns of sedentary behavior among older women with urinary incontinence and urinary symptoms: a scoping review · 2024 · DOI

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180 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 990 Pelvic floor disorders treatments papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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