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Open research questions in Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes

525 gap statements mined from Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 3,790 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • There is a need to evaluate the impact of these activities on medication safety. The study aims to describe the process implementation of clinical pharmacy activities.

    Implementation of Clinical Pharmacy Activities in Pediatric Cardiology Department: A French Observational Study · 2026 · DOI

  • The study faces challenges in identifying medications associated with longevity and reduced age-related morbidity due to the complexity of the data and the need for a systematic approach. The study must address potential biases and confounding variables in the analysis of electronic health record data.

    Antiprotozoal drug exposure and reduced long-term mortality and morbidity: a multi-cohort pharmacoepidemiologic study · 2026 · DOI

  • Structural barriers to interprofessional collaboration, including lack of formal integration of clinical pharmacists into primary care. The need for external reform, digital integration, and formal role boundaries to facilitate the integration of clinical pharmacists into primary care.

    Family physicians’ acceptability, perceived value, and barriers of pharmacist-led medication management in primary care—a theory-based qualitative study · 2026 · DOI

  • The limited integration of pharmacist-led CMM into Turkish primary care. The lack of understanding of family physicians' acceptability of pharmacist-led CMM in the Turkish context. The need for structural intervention to support the integration of clinical pharmacists into primary care.

    Family physicians’ acceptability, perceived value, and barriers of pharmacist-led medication management in primary care—a theory-based qualitative study · 2026 · DOI

  • In Alzheimer's disease, exposure to medications with anticholinergic or cognitive adverse effects may contribute to excess mortality, but direct comparisons between measures of this drug-related risk remain scarce.

    Assessment of medication-related risks for mortality prediction in Alzheimer's disease · 2026 · DOI

  • Our previous work, a realist review of published interventions, addressed this gap by explaining how undergraduate MO education could work but was limited by the thin descriptions available.

    Understanding Undergraduate Medicines Optimisation Education and Its Importance; a Realist Evaluation · 2026 · DOI

  • Despite the clinical relevance of anticholinergic burden, its effects in Parkinson's disease remain insufficiently characterized.

    The Impact of Anticholinergic Burden on Cognitive Function and Adverse Events Among Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • Hospitalisation offers an opportunity to initiate deprescribing, but determinants of post-discharge deprescribing failure remain poorly understood in geriatric populations.

    Risk factors for benzodiazepine deprescribing failure after discharge from an acute geriatric ward: A retrospective cohort study · 2026 · DOI

  • Although preoperative medication management can prevent surgical cancellations due to inappropriate medication use, the effect of pharmacist-led preoperative medication management on elective surgical cancellation rates and surgical procedure fees remains unclear.

    Effect of pharmacist-led preoperative medication management on elective surgical cancellation rates and economic implications · 2026 · DOI

  • Future prospective multicentered research is warranted to increase generalizability and scalability.

    Dynamic Medication Challenges in Hemodialysis: Rethinking Medication Therapy Management Strategies Through Longitudinal Trends · 2026 · DOI

  • Routine implementation of TIME criteria-guided medication reviews may represent a promising strategy to enhance medication safety and reduce avoidable hospitalizations in older populations, warranting further investigation.

    Potentially Inappropriate Prescription and Its Association with Index Hospitalization: A Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Study Using TIME Criteria · 2026 · DOI

  • Population-level comparisons of burden scales and exposure measures that are feasible for administrative dispensing data remain limited.

    Differences in Anticholinergic Exposure Assessment Across Burden Scales and Exposure Measures in a Population-Based Study: Implications for Targeted Deprescribing in Older Adults · 2026 · DOI

  • Instruments to reduce ADRs should be validated before testing in feasibility studies and randomised controlled trials.

    Reducing Adverse Drug Reactions for Older People in the Community: Evaluating the Validity and Reliability of the ADRe Profile · 2025 · DOI

  • Future research should focus on identifying safe, efficient and cost-effective ways of refining DDI alerts, so expected clinical benefits are achieved, and negative consequences of excessive alerting are minimised.

    Effectiveness of computerised alerts to reduce drug–drug interactions (DDIs) and DDI-related harm in hospitalised patients: a quasi-experimental controlled pre–post study · 2025 · DOI

  • There is a lack of evidence linking this to associated adverse outcomes, as well as identifying the causative issues driving this behaviour and the preventative interventions that could prevent harm.

    Widespread inappropriate prescribing for older people with reduced kidney function: what are the harms and how do we tackle them? A scoping review for primary care · 2025 · DOI

  • To date, little is known about the prevalence of CNS-active polypharmacy among MTM enrollees and how they might differ from MTM enrollees without CNS-active polypharmacy; such insights would be helpful to MTM programs developing interventions to reduce CNS-active polypharmacy.

    Characterizing Medicare Medication Therapy Management program enrollees with central nervous system–active polypharmacy · 2025 · DOI

  • Polypharmacy as consequence of multimorbidity remains to be a challenging problem in older adults [ 1, 2 ] and effective preventive measures need to be implemented into clinical practice [ 3, 4, 5 ].

    The FORTA (Fit for the Aged) List 2024: Fifth Version of a Validated Clinical Aid for Improved Pharmacotherapy in Older Adults · 2025 · DOI

  • Limited data exist on individuals with hyperpolypharmacy (ten or more concurrent medications) and their adherence.

    Cross-Sectional Study on Factors Associated with Hyperpolypharmacy and Medication Adherence in Older Adults with Multimorbidity and Polypharmacy · 2025 · DOI

  • Future research should investigate longitudinally the effect of deprescribing on HR-QOL in this population.

    Medication Use and Quality of Life in Older Adults with Personality Disorders · 2025 · DOI

  • Future research is needed to investigate factors associated with extended gabapentin use (> 180 days) and its appropriateness in this population.

    Patterns and Characteristics of Gabapentin Use Among Medicare Beneficiaries · 2025 · DOI

  • Gabapentin is increasingly prescribed to older adults, yet prescribing patterns and characteristics of gabapentin initiators remain unclear.

    Patterns and Characteristics of Gabapentin Use Among Medicare Beneficiaries · 2025 · DOI

  • The impacts of frailty on the outcomes of medication use and deprescribing are poorly understood, as are the effects of medication use and deprescribing on frailty and function.

    Frailty, polypharmacy, deprescribing, and 23-hour activity: insights from a mouse model · 2026 · DOI

  • Although this activity has been widely developed and evaluated in conventional establishments, few studies have looked at its implementation in 'hospitalisation at home' (HAH) settings.

    Improve quality of care in hospital-at-home by implementing medication reconciliation on admission: a retrospective observational study · 2025 · DOI

  • Rationale & Objective A pharmacist-led Hemodialysis-Medication Therapy Adherence Clinic mitigates drug-related problems (DRPs), yet its poorly understood trajectory keeps strategies reactive, limiting timely interventions.

    Dynamic Medication Challenges in Hemodialysis: Rethinking Medication Therapy Management Strategies Through Longitudinal Trends · 2026 · DOI

  • This study highlights significant gaps in the knowledge and understanding of prescribing cascades among hospital physicians, as well as potential targets for future intervention.

    Factors Influencing Hospital Physicians’ Recognition of Prescribing Cascades: A Qualitative Interview Study · 2025 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) There is a need to evaluate the impact of these activities on medication safety (“Implementation of Clinical Pharmacy Activities in Pediatric Cardiology…”, 2026); (2) Structural barriers to interprofessional collaboration, including lack of formal integration of clinical pharmacists into primary care (“Family physicians’ acceptability, perceived value, and barriers of…”, 2026); (3) In Alzheimer's disease, exposure to medications with anticholinergic or cognitive adverse effects may contribute to excess mortality, but direct comparisons between measures of this drug-related risk remain scarce (“Assessment of medication-related risks for mortality prediction in Alzheimer's…”, 2026); (4) Despite the clinical relevance of anticholinergic burden, its effects in Parkinson's disease remain insufficiently characterized (“The Impact of Anticholinergic Burden on Cognitive Function and Adverse Events…”, 2026); (5) Hospitalisation offers an opportunity to initiate deprescribing, but determinants of post-discharge deprescribing failure remain poorly understood in geriatric populations (“Risk factors for benzodiazepine deprescribing failure after discharge from an…”, 2026). 525 gap statements have been mined from Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 3,790 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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