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Open research questions in Poisoning and overdose treatments

32 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 749 Poisoning and overdose treatments papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • This case report supports the need for further study of PMI using immunoassay ELISA in PMI estimation: a larger casuistry with different causes of death, sampling from different muscles including regenerative / non-regenerative skele- tal muscle and control group, could offer valida- tion for ELISA values as benchmark reference within the studied PMI range.

    Death in Epilepsy: Ictogenic Vs. Cardiogenic Mechanisms and Immunoassays in Postmortem Interval Estimation – Case Report · 2026 · DOI

  • Although these findings are limited by case‐level evidence, publication bias, and confounding co‐interventions, they support continued consideration of ILE as a last‐resort rescue therapy in selected life‐threatening BB/CCB poisonings rather than routine early intervention.

    Intravenous Lipid Emulsion in Beta‐Blocker With or Without Calcium Channel Blocker Toxicity: A Systematic Review of Human Case Reports and Series · 2026 · DOI

  • Lipid emulsion therapy may be considered for highly lipid-soluble agents such as verapamil, although evidence is inconsistent. Levosimendan has been reported to improve calcium sensitivity in overdose, but evidence remains limited [5].

    Calcium Channel Blocker Overdose With Cardiogenic Shock · 2026 · DOI

  • Third, clinical outcomes were determined only based on symptoms and laboratory indicators without standardized grading using PSS, lacking a unified quantitative tool, which may lead to subjective judgment and affect the accuracy and comparability of the results.

    Characteristics and trends of acute poisoning in emergency departments: a single-center retrospective study in Zunyi, China (2021–2024) · 2026 · DOI

  • Introduction: Intravenous (IV) fluids are routinely administered empirically in the emergency department (ED) for patients presenting with stimulant intoxication (eg, cocaine, methamphetamine, synthetic marijuana), although the literature is sparse regarding the benefits and risks of this practice.

    Length of Stay of Emergency Department Patients with Stimulant Intoxication Receiving Intravenous Fluid · 2026 · DOI

  • Clinical studies in human subjects are needed to validate findings currently only demonstrated in rodent models regarding PEG absorption from airways.

    Successful Management of Chemical Pneumonitis Due to Accidental Aspiration of Polyethylene Glycol in a Child · 2026 · DOI

  • The permeability of PEG in the gastrointestinal tract and the pulmonary epithelium differs, and most of the PEG is absorbed quickly from the airways, leaving the role of BAL doubtful, which is only substantiated by studies in rodent models.

    Successful Management of Chemical Pneumonitis Due to Accidental Aspiration of Polyethylene Glycol in a Child · 2026 · DOI

  • MATERIAL AND METHODS: In order to verify inconsistent findings, serum samples of 18 individuals, routinely stored in the regional clinical toxicology centre after testing, were re-examined using the specific method of gas chromatography (GC).

    Discrepancies between diagnoses of methanol and ethylene glycol intoxication based on determinations performed in the regional clinical toxicology centre and in the department of forensic medicine · 2014 · DOI

  • 'The families ofsuch children need to be investigated because (a) a common cause offatal valproate toxicity might be found, (b) a procedure to detect people at risk might be advised-for example, measuring plasma ammonia concentra- tions for initial monitoring oftreatment-and (c) confidence about using the drug for children and adults without a metabolic abnormality might be restored.

    Apheresis in the management of loiasis with high microfilariaemia and renal disease. · 1986 · DOI

  • Future studies are warranted to comprehensively characterize the variation in region-specific care and inform efforts to standardize confirmatory testing capabilities.

    Rapid Turnaround Time for Toxic Alcohol Testing Is Associated with Shorter Hospital Length of Stay · 2026 · DOI

  • Is early implementation of extracorporeal life support in severely colchicine-poisoned patients lifesaving? Definitive eviden- ce is still lacking.

    Acute colchicine poisoning: prediction of in-hospital mortality at hospital admission using a nomogram. A bicenter retrospective cohort study · 2026 · DOI

  • Introduction: Aluminum phosphide (AlP) poisoning is a common means of self-harm in South Asia, while accidental inhalational exposure remains underreported despite its severe toxicity.

    Motor neuropathy following inhalational exposure to aluminum phosphide: a case report and literature review · 2026 · DOI

  • Paediatric cases of aspiration are rare, and most cases describe iatrogenic aspiration episodes during nasogastric tube administration, but never during routine household use.

    Successful Management of Chemical Pneumonitis Due to Accidental Aspiration of Polyethylene Glycol in a Child · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper addresses fatal cases but does not discuss non-fatal poisoning outcomes, dose-response relationships, or survival rates following Peganum harmala oil ingestion.

    The Evaluation of Fatal Vegetable Oil Poisoning in Forensic Medicine · 2025 · DOI

  • Forensic experts must ensure systematic toxicological screening in suspected plant intoxications, indicating current screening practices may be inconsistent or incomplete.

    The Evaluation of Fatal Vegetable Oil Poisoning in Forensic Medicine · 2025 · DOI

  • Clinicians should consider Harmel intoxication in patients presenting with unexplained multi-organ failure in endemic regions, suggesting lack of widespread clinical recognition and diagnostic protocols.

    The Evaluation of Fatal Vegetable Oil Poisoning in Forensic Medicine · 2025 · DOI

  • Despite the presence of a large number of methods of toxicological analysis, forensic diagnosis of poisoning is often complicated due to lack of data on the circumstances of the event, clinical data of poisoning, pathognomonic signs of poisoning, the difficulty of interpreting the results.

    Modern possibilities of forensic medical evaluation and differentiation of acute intoxications · 2021 · DOI

  • The incidence and prevalence of renal disease in actual children poisoning is not fully known because renal structural and functional changes caused by nephrotoxins are nonspecific and toxic etiology is often overshadowed.

    Acute kidney injury in children and adolescent poisoning – prevalence, etiology and risk factors · 2014 · DOI

  • Although substance abuse is fairly common among adolescents, poisoning from Datura stramonium (a broadleaf annual erect herb with spine-covered seed capsule) is uncommon in children and has not been reported in our locality.

    Datura stramonium poisoning in children · 2013 · DOI

  • Renal impairment and interaction with other drugs were the main reasons for intoxication; thus, more cautious prescription or more frequent supervision of this patient group is warranted.

    Lithium Poisoning · 2006 · DOI

  • Despite 50 years of medical experience with lithium, factors contributing to the development of severe neurotoxicity remain poorly documented.

    Lithium Toxicity: An Iatrogenic Problem in Susceptible Individuals · 2001 · DOI

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32 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 749 Poisoning and overdose treatments papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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