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Open research questions in Poisoning and overdose treatments

122 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 820 Poisoning and overdose treatments papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • detailed records are lacking in some cases, - it is not possible to clearly distinguish the onset times between DHP and non-DHP CCBs, - differences in dosage, formulation, and individual patient factors may affect the occurrence of pulmonary toxicity

    Calcium channel blocker-associated pulmonary toxicity: epidemiology, mechanisms, and clinical management · 2026 · DOI

  • further studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms of CCB-induced pulmonary toxicity, - research on individual susceptibility and risk factors is necessary, - studies on the effects of different CCB subclasses on pulmonary toxicity are required

    Calcium channel blocker-associated pulmonary toxicity: epidemiology, mechanisms, and clinical management · 2026 · DOI

  • Because several interventions were administered concurrently and long-term follow-up was incomplete, the efficacy of individual treatments and late pulmonary outcomes could not be determined.

    Pediatric exogenous lipoid pneumonia caused by paraffin oil aspiration: a case report · 2026 · DOI

  • To date, few studies have documented the pattern and individual risk factors for repeated poisonings.

    Repeated hospital admission for intentional poisonings among older adults - a Swedish national register-based study · 2024 · DOI

  • Clinical studies in human subjects are needed to validate findings currently only demonstrated in rodent models regarding PEG absorption from airways.

    Successful Management of Chemical Pneumonitis Due to Accidental Aspiration of Polyethylene Glycol in a Child · 2026 · DOI

  • The permeability of PEG in the gastrointestinal tract and the pulmonary epithelium differs, and most of the PEG is absorbed quickly from the airways, leaving the role of BAL doubtful, which is only substantiated by studies in rodent models.

    Successful Management of Chemical Pneumonitis Due to Accidental Aspiration of Polyethylene Glycol in a Child · 2026 · DOI

  • A potential safety gap in regions where amantadine remains available over-the-counter. The need for further pharmacoepidemiologic investigation to understand the risks of self-medication in patients with chronic kidney disease.

    Toxic encephalopathy due to self-administration of over-the-counter amantadine: a case report of a patient undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and safety alert · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the understanding of the clinical characteristics and trend changes of acute poisoning in emergency departments. The study highlights the need for systematic surveillance of poisoning patterns and analysis of epidemiological characteristics.

    Characteristics and trends of acute poisoning in emergency departments: a single-center retrospective study in Zunyi, China (2021–2024) · 2026 · DOI

  • Third, clinical outcomes were determined only based on symptoms and laboratory indicators without standardized grading using PSS, lacking a unified quantitative tool, which may lead to subjective judgment and affect the accuracy and comparability of the results.

    Characteristics and trends of acute poisoning in emergency departments: a single-center retrospective study in Zunyi, China (2021–2024) · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of evidence on the benefits and risks of empiric IV fluid administration in ED patients with stimulant intoxication. The study aims to address this gap by assessing the association between IV fluid administration and discharge length of stay.

    Length of Stay of Emergency Department Patients with Stimulant Intoxication Receiving Intravenous Fluid · 2026 · DOI

  • Introduction: Intravenous (IV) fluids are routinely administered empirically in the emergency department (ED) for patients presenting with stimulant intoxication (eg, cocaine, methamphetamine, synthetic marijuana), although the literature is sparse regarding the benefits and risks of this practice.

    Length of Stay of Emergency Department Patients with Stimulant Intoxication Receiving Intravenous Fluid · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper does not provide a comprehensive review of all possible management strategies for CCB overdose. The case report is limited to a single patient.

    Calcium Channel Blocker Overdose With Cardiogenic Shock · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for better understanding of the consequences of CCB overdose. There is a need for more effective management strategies for CCB overdose.

    Calcium Channel Blocker Overdose With Cardiogenic Shock · 2026 · DOI

  • There is no relevant research or case reports on the nervous system. The mechanisms underlying tissue damage induced by chloropicrin exposure remain unclear.

    Acute toxic encephalopathy induced by chloropicrin: case report · 2026 · DOI

  • Yellow phosphorus is a highly toxic rodenticide. Adolescent ingestions are often impulsive and associated with emotional distress. There is a lack of specific antidotes for yellow phosphorus poisoning.

    Yellow phosphorus poisoning in an adolescent: a case of acute hepatic and cardiac failure · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of specific antidotes for yellow phosphorus poisoning. The exact mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction in yellow phosphorus poisoning are not fully understood.

    Yellow phosphorus poisoning in an adolescent: a case of acute hepatic and cardiac failure · 2026 · DOI

  • Identifying the cause of death in epilepsy can be challenging due to the complexity of the condition. Estimating postmortem intervals in epilepsy cases can be difficult due to the lack of reliable methods. The study of epilepsy-related deaths is limited by the lack of documented medical histories and available data.

    Death in Epilepsy: Ictogenic Vs. Cardiogenic Mechanisms and Immunoassays in Postmortem Interval Estimation – Case Report · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to understand the mechanisms of death in epilepsy. There is a lack of studies on the use of immunoassays for estimating postmortem intervals in epilepsy cases.

    Death in Epilepsy: Ictogenic Vs. Cardiogenic Mechanisms and Immunoassays in Postmortem Interval Estimation – Case Report · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of awareness about the risks of Internet-based pseudotherapies. The difficulty in diagnosing Amanita phalloides poisoning due to non-specific symptoms and delayed laboratory results. The need for interdisciplinary management involving neurologists, psychiatrists, and toxicologists.

    Epileptic seizure after ingesting a death cap mushroom in the course of online pseudotherapy for mood disorders – case report · 2026 · DOI

  • The growing popularity of Internet-promoted poisonous mushroom 'therapies' poses a real and underestimated risk for public health. There is a lack of awareness about the risks of Internet-based pseudotherapies.

    Epileptic seizure after ingesting a death cap mushroom in the course of online pseudotherapy for mood disorders – case report · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to evaluate age-specific risk factors for poisoning. There is a lack of data on the demographic and clinical characteristics of pediatric patients admitted to the emergency department due to poisoning.

    Evaluation of Patients Admitted to Pediatric Emergency Department due to Poisoning · 2026 · DOI

  • The exact mechanisms by which cannula materials affect phlebitis risk are not well understood. Previous studies have treated polyurethane cannulas as a single material.

    Influence of different short peripheral cannula materials on the incidence of phlebitis in intensive care units: A post-hoc analysis of the AMOR-VENUS study · 2026 · DOI

  • Although these findings are limited by case‐level evidence, publication bias, and confounding co‐interventions, they support continued consideration of ILE as a last‐resort rescue therapy in selected life‐threatening BB/CCB poisonings rather than routine early intervention.

    Intravenous Lipid Emulsion in Beta‐Blocker With or Without Calcium Channel Blocker Toxicity: A Systematic Review of Human Case Reports and Series · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for early clinical recognition and prompt treatment of organophosphate poisoning. There is a lack of availability of plasma butyrylcholinesterase, red blood cell acetylcholinesterase, and toxicological confirmation testing.

    Intentional Large-Volume Diazinon Ingestion Complicated by Seizure and Acute Respiratory Failure: A Case Report · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of awareness about the potential toxicity of propafenone. There is a need for more research on the management of propafenone toxicity.

    Akútna toxicita propafenónu / Acute propafenone toxicity · 2026 · DOI

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122 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 820 Poisoning and overdose treatments papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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