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Open research questions in Populism, Right-Wing Movements

618 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 7,295 Populism, Right-Wing Movements papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • The study identifies a gap in understanding how relative deprivation and external political inefficacy are linked to populist beliefs. The study highlights the need to examine the role of aversive political emotions and institutional distrust.

    Left Wanting and Left Unheard: A Dual Grievance Model of Populism Across Six European Countries · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in understanding how fascist organizations use branding and platform capitalism to build communities and spread their ideology. The study highlights the need to explore how PA's branding functions to invest mundane practices with racist meaning.

    Branding the white nation: Platform capitalism and the semiotics of far-right organizing · 2024 · DOI

  • Further research could investigate the role of other emotions in populism, - Cross-country comparisons could be explored in more depth

    Left Wanting and Left Unheard: A Dual Grievance Model of Populism Across Six European Countries · 2026 · DOI

  • While research on digital campaigning has focused mainly on Western democracies, Southeastern Europe and East Central Europe remains underexplored, despite its combination of weak institutions, populist leadership, and contested democratisation.

    Digital Campaigning under Hybrid Regimes: Hungary and Serbia in Comparative Perspective · 2026 · DOI

  • Trump’s return does confirm the US electorate’s preference for a foreign policy of greater restraint, but to what degree Trump’s foreign policy will reflect his supporters’ non-interventionist sentiments remains unclear.

    American Isolationisms and the Riddle of Trump Redux · 2025 · DOI

  • However, at a time when globalization is boosting the threat of pandemics, caution is warranted, as an increasing salience of vaccination could widen the divide again.

    Divided by vaccination? Evaluating the intergroup conflict between pro- and anti-vaccination groups in the post-pandemic era · 2025 · DOI

  • Abstract The implications of rising parliamentary representation of populist parties have been thoroughly studied but little is known about the impact of populist state leaders on party positions.

    Party Positioning Under Populist State Leaders · 2024 · DOI

  • Future research could explore the application of affective place-making in other political contexts. The study suggests the need for further analysis of the relationship between place-making and political identity. Further research could examine the impact of affective place-making on political mobilization and engagement.

    „Bayern ist die Vorstufe zum Paradies“. Affektives Place-Making als populistische Mobilisierungsstrategie in den Aschermittwochsreden der CSU-Parteivorsitzenden · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in the understanding of affective place-making as a populist mobilization strategy. The study highlights the need for further research on the spatial dimensions of political mobilization.

    „Bayern ist die Vorstufe zum Paradies“. Affektives Place-Making als populistische Mobilisierungsstrategie in den Aschermittwochsreden der CSU-Parteivorsitzenden · 2026 · DOI

  • The gap between the North and South of Italy in terms of economic development and CE implementation - The lack of inclusive governance models that address territorial disparities

    Black and green: How electoral outcomes influence provincial circular economy performance in Italy · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper calls for communication strategies that frame circular economy adoption as generating job creation and industrial competitiveness benefits for economic-security-focused constituencies, but lacks empirical data on how different political messaging frames (environmental protection vs. economic benefit emphasis) influence circular economy policy support across provinces with varying ideological compositions.

    Black and green: How electoral outcomes influence provincial circular economy performance in Italy · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in the understanding of the causes and consequences of low confidence in democratic elections. The study notes that recent events suggest that the assumption of confidence in democratic elections may be unrealistic.

    Causes and Consequences of Confidence in Democratic Elections · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the literature on the territorial determinants of abstention and populist voting. The paper highlights the need to examine the underlying causes of populist voting and abstention. The study seeks to address the lack of research on the relationship between territorial disparities and democratic representation.

    Abstention and Populist Voting: Evidence From the Italian 2018 Election · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in understanding the impact of far-right parties on political discourse. It highlights the need for research on the strategic interactions between mainstream and far-right parties.

    SHAPING IMMIGRATION POLITICS: THE INFLUENCE OF ILLIBERAL POLITICAL PARTIES · 2026 · DOI

  • Further research could explore the hybridization of propaganda, emotionality and digital political communication in other contexts, - Future studies could examine the impact of populist discourse on public opinion, - Additional research could investigate the role of social media in shaping populist communication

    Populist Communication in Portugal’s Party Media: Evidence from CHEGA TV and Folha Nacional · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the understanding of populist communication and digital propaganda in Europe. It notes that the hybridization of propaganda, emotionality, and digital political communication is an under-explored field. The research aims to address this gap by examining the communicative strategies of two party media outlets linked to the populist radical right party CHEGA.

    Populist Communication in Portugal’s Party Media: Evidence from CHEGA TV and Folha Nacional · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research could further develop the notion of discursive potlatch and its implications for democratic practice. It could explore the ways in which different forms of democratic practice might address the unequal distribution of discursive power.

    Esse est audiri: liminal ignorance, discursive hegemony, and the silence-driven crisis of liberal democracy · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in understanding the crisis of liberal democracy, particularly in terms of the roles of ignorance, silence, and unequal conditions of audibility. It argues that prior approaches have not fully accounted for the ways in which liberal-democratic orders reproduce exclusion.

    Esse est audiri: liminal ignorance, discursive hegemony, and the silence-driven crisis of liberal democracy · 2026 · DOI

  • The study of populism lacks a comprehensive and systematic approach to understanding the phenomenon. The dominant modes of conceptualising populism neglect the importance of structural factors and transformations. The paper identifies a need for a historical turn in populism research, emphasizing the need to engage with the past.

    Populism without history: Central and Eastern Europe and the case for a historical turn in populism research · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should analyze the deployment of discursive frames in other electoral campaigns in Latin America. Future research should examine the impact of cultural issues on electoral outcomes in Latin America. Future research should investigate the role of economic grievances in the rise of radical right-wing populist actors in Latin America.

    The Effectiveness of Discursive Frames Deployed by Latin America’s Right-wing Populists: Evidence from Costa Rica · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the understanding of the rise of radical right-wing populist actors in Latin America. The study highlights the need to analyze the effectiveness of discursive frames deployed by these actors.

    The Effectiveness of Discursive Frames Deployed by Latin America’s Right-wing Populists: Evidence from Costa Rica · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a gap in our understanding of the relationship between populist attitudes and views of democratic institutions, public health institutions and officials, and COVID-19 related policies. Prior research has not fully explored the ways in which populist attitudes are associated with opposition to universalistic institutional constraints and lower social trust.

    Spillover of political populism into public health: populist attitudes and perceptions on democratic and public health institutions and policies in the United States · 2026 · DOI

  • The proliferation of misinformation and online polarization. The lack of financial compensation creates an immediate barrier for diaspora activists. Digital tools present significant risks and challenges that can undermine their potential impact.

    Digital political communication of new-generation right-wing populists in the EU: a comparative analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the understanding of how diaspora communities engage politically in the digital age. The role of diaspora communities in shaping political outcomes and influencing conflict dynamics has long been acknowledged, but the digital age has sparked a paradigm shift.

    Digital political communication of new-generation right-wing populists in the EU: a comparative analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should explore the impact of technological advancements on democratic governance. The relationship between meritocracy and democratic ideals should be further examined. The role of social commitment and economic growth in preserving democratic values should be investigated.

    The Challenges of Technological Development after 2020 and the Crisis of Liberal Democracy in Bulgaria · 2026 · DOI

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618 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 7,295 Populism, Right-Wing Movements papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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