Open research questions in Public Relations and Crisis Communication

What the literature leaves open

• Future research could examine a broader range of platforms to assess the generalizability of the findings. Future research could explore how senti- ment and behavior evolve over time. Fourth, the study did not account for how different combinations of captions and music might vary in their impact depending on context (e. These findings offer insights into PESV’s com- munication mechanisms and the ways video characteristics influence users’ reactions, providing a foundation for further research on how PESVs can improve crisis communication.

  What appeals more to the audience? Decoding public emergency short videos communication via emotional contagion and information processing · 2026 · DOI

• politicization This pattern can be further situated within a in on linguistic government communication, particularly through discussions of actor representation and subjectivity in social media discourse (De Paula & Hansson, 2025). Although their framework is applied to official government messaging, it offers useful analytical language assigns into how responsibility and evaluates in politicized online insights directly. In this case, the use of “speak” nominalizes the act of speaking and shifts the focus from the speaker to the utterance. environments. It argues that references to actors: whether individuals, institutions, or collectives, are linguistically consequential because they shape how accountability is constructed (DePaula & Hansson, 2025). In this case, the cabinet is linguistically foregrounded as a collective actor, enabling users to attribute bypassing broadly while engagement with specific policy details. failure GPs and OB-GYNs as Contrasting Social Actors in the Discourse GPs are predominantly represented under a functionalization strategy, referred to as “general practitioner” without any individuated status. Their proposed involvement in C-sections is framed as controversial, and they are rarely depicted as competent actors. In several posts, they are passivated, for example, “dokter umum yg dikasih kewenangan untuk SC” (“GPs were given authority to do C-section”) in Table 7. This phrasing suggests that their authority comes from external sources rather than from internal development, implying a inherent competence. They are also lack of identified not as individuals with voices or perspectives, but as roles within a healthcare machinery, described in terms of what they do or are supposed to do. In other posts, they are activated in hypothetical or sarcastic ways, drawing attention to the perceived risks of role overreach. Table 7 Post Quotation #7 “Pak Menteri Yth. Permudah PPDS, wabil khusus dalam konteks ini ObGyn, agar dokter spesialis obgyn semakin banyak, jangan dokter umum yg dikasih kewenangan untuk SC.

  Critical discourse analysis of social media responses to GP-performed caesarean section policy in Indonesia · 2026 · DOI

• Siti Retno Wulandari1*, Ana Noviani2, Anggie Nur Fitrianti3, Christania Pingkan Putrinita4, Meyta Roida Rebecka Hutapea5 Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Email: [email protected]* ABSTRACT PT Tirta Investama’s (AQUA) response when receiving a visit from West Java Governor Dedi Mulyadi became a public conversation after the agenda was recorded and uploaded on social media. The company’s answer when asked about the water source that had been used triggered a communication crisis, especially after the mention of “drilled wells.” This issue triggered a perception-based reputation crisis due to the expectation gap between the image of the AQUA brand as an AMDK sourced from “natural mountain water” and the public’s understanding of the technical terms of water resource management. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method, utilizing secondary data in the form of online media reports, official company statements, and social media content. The analysis was carried out within the framework of Navigating the Case Analysis Process and supported by Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT). The results of the analysis show that the crisis experienced by AQUA falls into the category of accidental cluster, with a moderate level of attribution of responsibility. Although AQUA responded to the crisis relatively quickly and transparently, technical and defensive communication strategies have not been fully effective in closing the gap in public perception. This research emphasizes the importance of empathetic, educational, and dialogical crisis communication in the digital age, as well as the consistency of cross-channel framing to restore trust and organizational reputation. Keywords: Crisis Communication; SCCT; Framing; Expectation Gap; Brand Reputation; AQUA Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) INTRODUCTION For an organization or company, reputation is a valuable intangible asset (Bagna et al., 2024; Lin, 2024). Although it is an intangible asset, reputation is structural and represents corporate identity as a whole, generates economic and symbolic value, and can be measured objectively (Cerdá Suárez, 2020). A good reputation is built through a long process based on organizational performance and internal and external interactions with stakeholders. Coombs (2023) states that reputation is formed through direct or indirect (mediated) interactions with an organization. Hands-on experience includes activities such as purchasing products, visiting stores, or using company services. Meanwhile, mediated contacts include messages delivered by the organization, word-of-mouth communication, online messages from organizations and other parties, and media reports about the organization.

  Analysis of Aqua's Crisis Communication in the “Drilled Wells” Issue: Framing, Expectation Gap, and Reputation Recovery Strategy from an Scct Perspective · 2026 · DOI

• Recommendations for Practice: • Develop Digital Literacy Programs: Programs should equip users not only with skills to identify misinformation but also to contextualization of user-generated testimony, and the protection of privacy and safety of those depicted. These guidelines should be developed collaboratively by platform administrators, journalists, educational institutions, and civil society organizations. understand how platform-level af- Suggestions for Future Research: fordances—algorithmic curation, content moderation, and visibility restrictions— shape what crisis-related content reaches them and how. Educational institutions and media organizations should collaborate to • Investigate Long-Term Affective Trajectories of Digital Witnessing: Longitudinal studies should examine the effects of continuous exposure to traumatic content on integrate these competencies into media mental health. These studies should comliteracy curricula, with particular attention pare the impacts on users across different to the digital habits of university-age pubage groups and demographic characterislics. • Establish Support Mechanisms for Managing Emotional Impacts: Support mechatics to see how sustained exposure affects emotional well-being and civic engagement across different levels and patterns nisms should be implemented in universiof use. ties to manage the emotional effects experienced during digital witnessing of humanitarian crises. These mechanisms should • Analyze the Role of Various Social Media Platforms to Analyze Algorithmic Suppression: Comparative analyses should exinclude psychological counseling services, plore the roles and effectiveness of differonline support groups, and user guides. ent platforms in crisis communication. Re- Strategies for coping with traumatic consearch should examine how the unique tent should be developed, especially for usfeatures of each platform contribute to or ers frequently exposed to such material. • Promote Platform-Level Transparency and Accountability: Social media platforms should adopt clear and publicly available policies governing content moderation, algorithmic prioritization, and visibility restrictions during politically asymmetrical crises.

  Digital witnessing of the Palestine crisis: Perceptions and emotional responses among Turkish university students · 2026 · DOI

• The study has both a theoretical and practical contribution: theoretically, it expands Bourdieu’s cultural production model by applying it to a form of broadcasting that has not been examined in this way; practically, it contributes to our understanding of media practitioners and how they practice during emergency broadcasting.

  Emergency Broadcasting During Climate Events: A Case Study of ABC Canberra · 2026 · DOI

• For this to take place, humanitarian action has to be contextually-sensitive, politically-informed and climate-aware and the understanding of the interactions between humanitarian and developmental aid has to be deeper, highlighting the need for further research into how these domains can be more effectively integrated.

  Intersecting crises: a scoping review on the impact of underfunding, violations of international humanitarian law, and climate crisis on humanitarian action · 2026 · DOI

• Several limitations should be acknowledged. First, the study relied on a non-probability online sample recruited through the researcher’s Facebook network. This approach enabled access to digitally active respondents but may have excluded individuals with weaker internet access, lower platform use, or limited connection to the researcher’s network. Second, the study measured perceptions rather than direct behavioural data; therefore, the findings cannot prove that specific social media posts caused particular actions during the unrest. Third, the survey was retrospective, which means respondents’ memories may have been influenced by later media coverage, public debate, and personal interpretation of the events. Fourth, subgroup analyses by race should be interpreted cautiously because the sample distribution across racial categories was uneven and some cells were small. Fifth, the factor reliabilities for some subdimensions were modest, indicating the need for future instrument refinement. Future research should combine surveys with platform analytics, interviews, and content analysis of posts, hashtags, images, videos, and official crisis messages. Comparative studies across provinces and crisis types would also help clarify whether the patterns identified in this study are specific to KwaZulu-Natal and Gauteng or reflect broader dynamics of social media use during civil unrest.

  Social Media as a Crisis Communication Tool During the 2021 KwaZulu-Natal and Gauteng Civil Unrest · 2026 · DOI

• The rapid dissemination of disaster-related information on social media, including text, images, and metadata, offers unprecedented opportunities for real-time crisis response. This paper presents a novel cascaded attention-based multimodal framework that integrates textual and visual modalities to classify tweets as informative or non-informative. By leveraging Bi- LSTM for text processing, VGG-16 for image analysis, and a combination of self- and cross- attention mechanisms, the model dynamically captures both intra- and inter-modal relationships, thereby overcoming the limitations of traditional fixed-weight fusion strategies. Evaluated on the CrisisMMD dataset, the proposed framework achieves an accuracy of 90.81%, precision of 84.29%, recall of 88.78%, and F1-score of 85.63%, surpassing unimodal baselines and state-of-the-art multimodal models MCAN and DSACA by significant margins. These results demonstrate its ability to accurately identify critical disaster-related information, enhancing situational awareness for humanitarian agencies. This framework has helped in improving disaster response and management. It will depict informative content related to reports of casualties, infrastructure damage, or urgent needs. Humanitarian agencies can prioritise their action based on the informative tweets. By enabling rapid identification of actionable information, the system can support timely resource allocation and targeted relief efforts, particularly in fast-evolving disaster scenarios. By doing so, it supports faster resource allocation and targeted relief in fast-evolving disaster scenarios. Future research will extend the framework to incorporate audio and video modalities, further enriching multimodal analysis. Additionally, exploring transfer learning and domain adaptation will address challenges in data-scarce disaster scenarios, ensuring robust performance for emerging crises. By advancing attention-based multimodal learning, this work paves the way for more effective disaster response and resource allocation, ultimately saving lives. 22 IDRiM (2026) 16 (1) DOI10.5595/001c.162527 DATA AVAILABILITY ISSN: 2185-8322 The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request. FUNDING This work was carried out without funding from any agency in the public, commercial, or not- for-profit sectors. DECLARATION OF GENERATIVE AI AND AI-ASSISTED TECHNOLOGIES During the preparation of this work, the author(s) used ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI, to enhance the readability and clarity of the text (e.g., improving grammar, sentence flow, and language polishing). After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content generated by the tool as necessary and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the publication. REFERENCES Acerbo, F. S., & Rossi, C. (2017). Filtering informative tweets during emergencies: A machine learning approach. In Proceedings of the 1st Context Workshop on ICT Tools for Emergency Networks and Disaster Relief. Agarwal, M., Leekha, M., Sawhney, R., & Shah, R. R. (2020). Crisis-DIAS: Multimodal damage analysis. In Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 34, 346–353. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i01.5369 Asif, A., Khatoon, S., Hasan, M. M., Alshamari, M. A., Abdou, S., Elsayed, K. M., & Rashwan, M. (2021). Automatic analysis of social media images to identify disaster type and infer 83. appropriate https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-021-00464-4 Big Data, emergency response.

  Cascaded Attention-Based Multimodal Framework for Robust Disaster Tweet Classification · 2026 · DOI

• Considering the study’s findings, several practical recommendations are proposed to enhance strategic planning and strengthen crisis management effectiveness in public commercial banks in Libya. These recommendations are directed at banking institutions, senior management, policymakers, and future researchers. 6.1 Banking institutions Public commercial banks should move beyond formal or symbolic strategic planning practices and adopt a more integrated and dynamic planning approach. Particular emphasis should be placed on strengthening alternative planning and scenario analysis to improve preparedness for unexpected financial, operational, and systemic crises. Regular reviews and updates of strategic and crisis management plans are essential to ensure their relevance in rapidly changing environments. 6.2 Senior management and leadership Bank leaders should promote a strategic culture that encourages employee participation, cross-departmental coordination, and proactive risk identification. Leadership development programs focusing on crisis leadership, decision-making under uncertainty, and strategic foresight can significantly enhance banks’ crisis response capabilities. Veredas do Direito, v.23, e236362 – 2026 Veredas do Direito, v.23 n.2, e23xxx – 2026 IN THE WESTERN REGION 20 THE IMPACT OF STRATEGIC PLANNING (SP) ON CRISIS MANAGEMENT (CM) IN THE LIBYAN BANKING SECTOR, A FIELD STUDY OF PUBLIC COMMERCIAL BANKS 6.3 Training and capacity building Continuous professional training should be institutionalised to reinforce employees’ competencies in strategic analysis, risk assessment, and crisis response. Simulation exercises, crisis drills, and scenario-based training can help translate strategic plans into actionable responses and reduce reliance on improvisation during actual crises. 6.4 Policy and regulatory authorities Regulatory bodies and policymakers are encouraged to develop clear guidelines and frameworks that integrate strategic planning requirements with crisis management standards. Encouraging banks to align their strategic planning processes with national financial stability and risk management policies would further enhance sector-wide resilience. 6.5 Future research Future studies are encouraged to expand the scope of analysis by incorporating longitudinal designs to assess how strategic planning and crisis management practices evolve. In addition, integrating objective performance indicators—such as financial stability measures, recovery time after crises, or regulatory compliance outcomes—would provide a more comprehensive assessment of crisis management effectiveness. Comparative studies across regions or between public and private banks could also yield valuable insights.

  THE IMPACT OF STRATEGIC PLANNING (SP) ON CRISIS MANAGEMENT (CM) IN THE LIBYAN BANKING SECTOR, A FIELD STUDY OF PUBLIC COMMERCIAL BANKS IN THE WESTERN REGION · 2026 · DOI

• As the value organizations create is increasingly under- stood to reside in stakeholder perception and experience, corporate communication will be one of the most decisive drivers of organizational success. Today’s organizations face growing stakeholder expec- tations, increased societal scrutiny, and rapid cultural change. In this environment, communication managers face a strategic challenge. They must consider not only the man- agement of communication activities and the production of outputs, but also the entire process through which organ- izational, wider stakeholder, and societal value is formed. The shift from a production-focused to an experience- focused view of value fundamentally expands the com- munication function’s scope and responsibilities. Value is no longer something organizations deliver – it is something stakeholders co-create through experiencing organizational outputs over time.

  Value formation in corporate communication · 2026 · DOI

• This study highlights the effectiveness of Queen Rania of Jordan's speech in mobilizing public sentiment around humanitarian issues. The sentiment analysis of Queen Rania's speech on the refugee crisis has provided critical pattern into the emotional tone and thematic elements of her advocacy. The analysis revealed that 72% of the speech conveyed positive sentiments, underscoring her ability to inspire hope and resilience among her audience, underscoring the emotional impact of her message. By employing advanced NLP techniques, this research provided a robust framework for analyzing public addresses, contributing significantly to our understanding of effective communication strategies in humanitarian advocacy. The quantitative analysis supports these conclusions. Overall, 72% of the speech was classified as positive, and emotion scores showed high resonance (Empathy = 0.85; Urgency = 0.75). Model evaluation demonstrated strong performance, baseline test accuracy 87%, and incorporating expert feedback improved accuracy to approximately 90% while raising precision, recall, and F1‑score. The confusion matrix indicated most misclassifications were between neutral and positive classes, and expert validation on 15 key sentences produced five discrepancies that guided model improvements. The findings emphasize the critical role of emotional engagement in advocacy messaging, illustrating how empathy and urgency can inspire action and connect with audiences on a deeper level. Furthermore, the identification of effective rhetorical strategies, such as inclusive language and rhetorical questions, provides practical insights for advocates looking to enhance their messaging. These strategies can be utilized to create compelling narratives that resonate with diverse audiences and drive collective action. In bridging theoretical frameworks in communication studies with practical applications in humanitarian advocacy, this study reinforces the importance of theory in informing effective practice. The analysis contributes to the broader discourse on humanitarian issues, demonstrating how influential figures can shape public opinion and influence policy discussions. This potential for advocacy to effect change highlights the necessity for communicators to harness the power of language thoughtfully and strategically. For future work, it would be beneficial to expand the analysis to include a wider range of speeches from various advocates, allowing for comparative studies that can identify broader trends in effective communication strategies. Additionally, exploring the impact of cultural contexts on the effectiveness of advocacy messages could provide deeper observation into how different audiences respond to various rhetorical techniques. Longitudinal studies examining the long-term effects of such speeches on public opinion and policy-making could further illuminate the role of influential figures in humanitarian discourse. This research lays a foundation for future studies aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of humanitarian communication, serving as a call to action for advocates to use the power of language in driving meaningful change. By integrating theoretical frameworks with practical recommendations, future research can continue to explore the dynamics of advocacy communication, ensuring that humanitarian issues remain at the forefront of public discourse.

  Analyzing Humanitarian Advocacy: A Machine Learning Approach to Sentiment Analysis of Her Majesty Queen Rania of Jordan's Speech · 2026 · DOI

• In this work, we aimed to address the limitations existing sentiment analysis systems in the context of disaster response, where social media plays a crucial role in real-time situational awareness. Recognizing the challenges posed by the nuanced and often ambiguous nature of disaster-related discourse, we proposed framework comprising SentEMBNet—a sentimenta novel enhanced multi-branch neural a polarity-aligned curriculum optimization strategy. SentEMBNet integrates lexicon-guided embeddings, graph-based syntactic modeling, and transformer abstractions to capture sentiment signals at both local and discourse levels. PACO further enhances training efficacy by aligning model learning with semantic clarity and polarity variance.

  Sentiment analysis of social media for enhancing disaster response strategies · 2026 · DOI

• Academic Recommendations The concept of technological determinism used in this research opens the way for deeper discussion about how technology not only facilitates but also shapes organizational work practices and communication patterns. Therefore, further research is needed on the ethics, control, and balance between the roles of humans and technology in public communication governance. In addition, the number of technology studies in government communication studies is still limited, therefore it is hoped that further research on similar studies can be increased and deepened further. The research methods can also be developed using mixed methods, which combine qualitative methods for in-depth understanding, and quantitative methods to expand the scope of research.

  Technological Determinism in Practice: A Case Study of Media Monitoring Tools in Government Public Relations · 2026 · DOI

• In this Perspectives piece, I explore possible ways to practice and teach about critical information literacy by looking to the views, experiences, and professional practices of two independent journalists who report on an urgent but still under-reported wicked problem: Long COVID.

  Independent Long COVID Journalism as a Lens for Critical Information Literacy: Conversations with The Sick Times Founders Betsy Ladyzhets and Miles W. Griffis · 2024 · DOI

• Research limitations/implications Future research could address the empirical review of the crisis typology presented, its refinement by considering various consumer and stakeholder segmentation approaches and the advanced dynamic analysis of CSR crises by including stakeholder characteristics that impact the diffusion of CSR-related negative publicity.

  CSR crises from the consumers’ perspective: a multidimensional typology and future research agenda · 2022 · DOI

• Findings The authors find strong evidence in support of sociotropic concerns shaping government approval and support for greater social policy interventions, but limited evidence to support egocentric concerns, suggesting that social policy attitudes may be more insulated from personal factors than anticipated.

  Crisis management: personal financial well-being and public attitudes toward government intervention · 2022 · DOI

• This study analyzes which crisis communication strategies Thai officials adopted to restore Thailand’s positive image during tourism crises; in addition, we analyzed how these strategies stem from the country’s ideations and cultural values, a subject that was scarcely addressed in previous crisis communication theory.

  From tsunami through terror attacks to Covid-19: crisis communication strategies and recovery campaigns to combat Thailand’s tourism crises · 2021 · DOI

• Character is a leadership quality that is often scrutinized yet poorly understood Our research focuses on several questions relating to character and perceived leader effectiveness during the COVID-19 crisis First, does the character of the prime minister matter to voters during…

  Trust as a mediator of the relationship between character and perceptions of leader effectiveness during the COVID-19 crisis. · 2021 · DOI

• However, while the adoption of these technologies has been well documented at the federal level, little is known empirically about the extent to which social media are being utilized for emergency management communications by local agencies, and less still is known about how rates of adoption vary based on the organizational and demographic characteristics of local municipalities.

  Social Media and Crisis Communications: A Survey of Local Governments in Florida · 2018 · DOI

• Yet, although the need for "how to effectively engage with publics via both traditional and social media in different types of crises with different forms of communication channels has been a critical question for both media professionals and communication scholars," the theory-grounded research is scarce (Austin & Jin, 2017, p.

  Trends in Public Relations: Exploring the Role of Ethics as it Relates to Social Media and Crisis Communication · 2017 · DOI

• FINDINGS: Although few studies have directly tested message strategies for raising awareness of SDH and health disparities, the accumulated evidence from other domains suggests that population health advocates should frame messages to acknowledge a role for individual decisions about behavior but emphasize SDH.

  Message Design Strategies to Raise Public Awareness of Social Determinants of Health and Population Health Disparities · 2008 · DOI

• The study shows that CABs do not necessarily provide effective deliberative mechanisms: participation is limited by the lack of public awareness of participatory opportunities, CABs emphasize one-way agency-to-CAB communication, and public input does not significantly influence agency decisions.

  Deliberative Planning through Citizen Advisory Boards · 2007 · DOI

• Several loopholes in current crisis communication writings are noticeable: (a) Organizational crisis lacks a shared definition, (b) a conceptual framework has not yet developed, (c) audience-orientation to crisis communication has not been addressed, (d) current crisis studies lack contextualization, and (e) crisis communication studies are predominantly Western-based.

  Crisis, Culture, Community · 2005 · DOI

• NWA's persuasiveness was limited by the decision to offer only pseudo-corrective action, an inappropriate attempt at separation from its pilots and a failure to account for the relationship history with employees.

  Issues Advertising as Crisis Communication: Northwest Airlines' Use of Image Restoration Strategies During the 1998 Pilot's Strike · 2002 · DOI

• Future research should examine social media's influence on public perception and the long-term reputational impact of these strategies across comparable maritime organisations.

  Combination of Diminish and Rebuild Approaches in Crisis Management in the Marine Transportation Sector · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Public Relations and Crisis Communication

• Unbundling the Structure of Inertia: Resource Versus Routine Rigidity · Academy of Management Journal · 2005 · 1,040 citations
• The novel coronavirus (COVID-2019) outbreak: Amplification of public health consequences by media exposure. · Health Psychology · 2020 · 929 citations
• Unpacking the black box: How to promote citizen engagement through government social media during the COVID-19 crisis · Computers in Human Behavior · 2020 · 511 citations
• Examining the Role of Social Media in Effective Crisis Management · Communication Research · 2011 · 381 citations
• The Emergence of COVID-19 in the US: A Public Health and Political Communication Crisis · Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law · 2020 · 230 citations
• Examining risk and crisis communications of government agencies and stakeholders during early-stages of COVID-19 on Twitter · Computers in Human Behavior · 2020 · 198 citations
• LEADERSHIP STYLE, CRISIS RESPONSE AND BLAME MANAGEMENT: THE CASE OF HURRICANE KATRINA · Public Administration · 2010 · 179 citations
• Variability in Twitter Content Across the Stages of a Natural Disaster: Implications for Crisis Communication · Communication Quarterly · 2015 · 176 citations
• Message Design Strategies to Raise Public Awareness of Social Determinants of Health and Population Health Disparities · Milbank Quarterly · 2008 · 158 citations
• Crisis Decision‐Making on a Global Scale: Transition from Cognition to Collective Action under Threat of <scp>COVID</scp>‐19 · Public Administration Review · 2020 · 141 citations

Most recent work

• Code Pink: Leverage Social Media Platforms to Bypass Traditional Media Gatekeepers and Construct Alternative Public Narratives · Journalism and Media · 2026
• Crisis leadership and power dynamics in Portuguese hospitals: organisational learning from COVID-19 · Leadership in Health Services · 2026
• Bricolage as Enacted Sensemaking in Emergent Response Groups: Organizing in Conditions of Extreme Equivocality · Academy of Management Journal · 2026
• Intersecting crises: a scoping review on the impact of underfunding, violations of international humanitarian law, and climate crisis on humanitarian action · Journal of International Humanitarian Action · 2026
• Artificial Intelligence and Digital War Communication: The Role of Algorithmic Media in Shaping Public Narratives During Global Conflicts · International Journal of Humanities, Law, and Politics · 2026
• Technological Determinism in Practice: A Case Study of Media Monitoring Tools in Government Public Relations · Dinasti International Journal of Education Management And Social Science · 2026
• Sentiment analysis of social media for enhancing disaster response strategies · Frontiers in Public Health · 2026
• ASSESSING CHALLENGES: VIOLENCE MONITORING IN A CONTEMPORARY CONTEXT · The Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare · 2026
• Analyzing Humanitarian Advocacy: A Machine Learning Approach to Sentiment Analysis of Her Majesty Queen Rania of Jordan's Speech · Computer and Information Science · 2026
• The Impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence on Public Relations Strategies: A Shift in Practitioner Roles and the Future of Corporate Communication · Studies in Media and Communication · 2026

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