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Open research questions in Renal cell carcinoma treatment

606 gap statements mined from Renal cell carcinoma treatment papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 3,179 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • The lack of direct comparisons between nivolumab and axitinib in routine clinical practice. The need to evaluate the effectiveness of nivolumab and axitinib as second-line treatments in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

    Comparative Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Nivolumab Versus Axitinib in the Second-Line Treatment of Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Two-Center Experience · 2026 · DOI

  • Lack of prospective validation of biomarkers to guide adjuvant treatment selection. Limited sensitivity of ctDNA assays due to low tumor shedding. Need for non-invasive molecular approaches to complement current diagnostic methods.

    Biomarkers in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: From Biological Association to Clinical Decision-Making · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to consider metastatic RCC in the differential diagnosis of unexplained cutaneous lesions.

    Multiple cutaneous and pericardial fat metastases: a rare case report of clear cell renal cell carcinoma · 2026 · DOI

  • While VHL gene inactivation is the primary driver, the impact of co-occurring germline mutations in other renal cancer predisposition genes on clinical phenotype remains poorly understood.

    Comparison of clinical characteristics between patients with single mutation and co-mutation in hereditary renal cancer: a retrospective analysis of 115 patients with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome · 2026 · DOI

  • Belzutifan, a hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) inhibitor, is approved for advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) after immune checkpoint and antiangiogenic therapy, but real-world evidence is limited and no prior real-world study has correlated outcomes with tumor genomics.

    Real-World Effectiveness and Tolerability of Belzutifan in Sporadic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study With Exploratory Genomic Correlation · 2026 · DOI

  • Real-world data for belzutifan in sporadic clear cell renal cell carcinoma are limited to a single small cohort.

    Real-World Effectiveness and Tolerability of Belzutifan in Sporadic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study With Exploratory Genomic Correlation · 2026 · DOI

  • TFEB RNA‑ISH emerged as the most accurate light microscopy‑based method for detecting TFEB‑altered renal cell carcinomas, reliably distinguishing them from TFE3‑rearranged and other renal tumors, potentially representing a practical and cost‑effective alternative to FISH, particularly when molecular diagnostics are lacking.

    Light Microscopy-Based Techniques to Identify TFEB-Altered Renal Cell Carcinoma · 2026 · DOI

  • Integration of upstream pathway activity and transcription factor (TF) regulatory networks with gene expression to define molecular subtypes remains underexplored.

    Integrated Transcriptomic and Regulatory Network Analysis Reveals Distinct Molecular Subtypes with Prognostic Significance in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma · 2026 · DOI

  • Attrition rates for patients with mRCC are not well characterized in the era of immunoncology (IO)-based combinations.

    Attrition Rates in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (mRCC) Following First Line Immunotherapy-Based Treatment: Results From the International mRCC Database Consortium (IMDC) · 2025 · DOI

  • However, the effectiveness of dual IO combinations versus IO plus VEGF-TKI combinations remains unclear.

    Multi-institutional Analysis of Immune-Oncology Combination Therapy for Metastatic MiT Family Translocation Renal Cell Carcinoma · 2025 · DOI

  • The role of Anillin (ANLN) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is not well understood.

    The Immunotherapeutic Target ANLN Promotes Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma by Regulating PI3K /Akt and P53 Signaling Pathways · 2025 · DOI

  • To evaluate the impact of prolonged ischaemia during partial nephrectomy (PN), which remains understudied despite its potential clinical relevance.

    Prolonged ischaemia during partial nephrectomy: impact of warm vs cold · 2024 · DOI

  • Real-world data are limited on treatment sequencing and outcomes after first-line (1L) immune checkpoint inhibitor (CPI)-based combination treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC).

    Real-world Treatment Sequencing and Outcomes With Cabozantinib After First-line Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-based Combination Therapy For Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: CARINA Study Results · 2024 · DOI

  • Considering the rapidly evolving treatment landscape of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), recent descriptions of the RCC population in the UK are lacking, as are real-world data on treatment and patient outcomes.

    Patient Characteristics, Treatment Patterns, and Outcomes for Patients With Renal Cell Carcinoma in England: A Retrospective Cohort Study · 2024 · DOI

  • Rare genitourinary tumors are lacking of randomized and observational data.

    Italian Registry on Rare Urological Tumors (Meet-URO-23): The First Analysis on Collecting Duct Carcinoma of the Kidney · 2024 · DOI

  • Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) offers a noninvasive alternative, particularly when CT or MRI are inconclusive or contraindicated.

    Diagnostic Accuracy of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Differentiating RCC from AML in Small Hyperechoic Renal Masses (≤ 3 cm): A Retrospective Single-Center Study · 2025 · DOI

  • There are currently few data on the use of treatment of residual disease to increase the number of patients in complete response.

    Effect of Treatment of Residual Disease After Immunotherapy-Based Combinations on Complete Response Rate of Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinomas · 2024 · DOI

  • Efficacy of treatment after failure of check point inhibitors (ICI) therapy remains ill-defined in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

    Final Analysis of a Noninterventional Study on Cabozantinib in Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma After Prior Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy of the German Interdisciplinary Working Group on Renal Tumors (IAG-N) · 2024 · DOI

  • The study was retrospective, - The sample size was limited to 68 patients, - The study was conducted at only two centers, - Direct comparisons between nivolumab and axitinib in routine clinical practice remain…

    Comparative Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Nivolumab Versus Axitinib in the Second-Line Treatment of Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Two-Center Experience · 2026 · DOI

  • Evaluation of molecular imaging, tissue-based classification, liquid biopsy, and computational imaging as adjuncts to histopathology, - Assessment of plasma and urine cfDNA methylation assays and cfDNA fragmentomics, - Investigation of CT radiomics and deep-learning imaging…

    Biomarkers in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: From Biological Association to Clinical Decision-Making · 2026 · DOI

  • The study had a relatively small sample size - The study only examined a limited number of polymorphisms - The study did not investigate the functional impact of the polymorphisms on RCC…

    Genetic and circulating inflammatory cytokine signatures for renal cell carcinoma risk: a case-control study from Northwest China · 2026 · DOI

  • Further validation of the observed associations in larger and independent cohorts - Investigation of the functional impact of the polymorphisms on RCC risk - Exploration of the combined effects of linked polymorphisms on RCC…

    Genetic and circulating inflammatory cytokine signatures for renal cell carcinoma risk: a case-control study from Northwest China · 2026 · DOI

  • The generalizability of the proposed approach to other populations, imaging protocols, or clinical settings remains to be validated - The impact of alternative data split ratios on model performance has not been fully…

    Detection and Classification of Kidney Disease from CT Images: An Automated Deep Learning Approach · 2025 · DOI

  • A comparative analysis using different partitioning strategies is planned for future work - Validation of the proposed approach in other populations, imaging protocols, or clinical settings…

    Detection and Classification of Kidney Disease from CT Images: An Automated Deep Learning Approach · 2025 · DOI

  • The findings underscore the potential of UBE2 family members as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in ccRCC, warranting further investigation in prospective clinical trials.

    Deciphering potential molecular mechanisms in clear cell renal cell carcinoma based on the ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme E2 related genes: Identifying UBE2C correlates to infiltration of regulatory T cells · 2024 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Renal cell carcinoma treatment

Most recent work

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) The lack of direct comparisons between nivolumab and axitinib in routine clinical practice (“Comparative Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Nivolumab Versus Axitinib in the…”, 2026); (2) Lack of prospective validation of biomarkers to guide adjuvant treatment selection (“Biomarkers in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: From Biological Association to…”, 2026); (3) There is a need to consider metastatic RCC in the differential diagnosis of unexplained cutaneous lesions (“Multiple cutaneous and pericardial fat metastases: a rare case report of clear…”, 2026); (4) While VHL gene inactivation is the primary driver, the impact of co-occurring germline mutations in other renal cancer predisposition genes on clinical phenotype remains poorly understood (“Comparison of clinical characteristics between patients with single mutation…”, 2026); (5) Integration of upstream pathway activity and transcription factor (TF) regulatory networks with gene expression to define molecular subtypes remains underexplored (“Integrated Transcriptomic and Regulatory Network Analysis Reveals Distinct…”, 2026). 606 gap statements have been mined from Renal cell carcinoma treatment papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 3,179 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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