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Open research questions in Renal cell carcinoma treatment

159 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 527 Renal cell carcinoma treatment papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • Further studies are needed to establish non-inferiority or equivalence of SR and NSR. Research should consider thrombus-wall interaction, caval patency, collateral outflow, and renal reserve.

    Segmental versus non-segmental inferior vena cava resection during robot-assisted radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy: an overlap-weighted analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • Comparative evidence for SR versus NSR remains limited. Prior studies have linked SR to longer operative time and greater transfusion, without independent prognostic impact after stage adjustment. There is a need to compare SR and NSR in the overlap population using a robust methodology.

    Segmental versus non-segmental inferior vena cava resection during robot-assisted radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy: an overlap-weighted analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • Clinical and methodological heterogeneity was anticipated, - Substantial heterogeneity remained in some analyses (I² = 96.3%, I² = 87.9%), - Risk of bias was evaluated according to study design

    Sutureless versus renorrhaphy in robot-assisted off-clamp partial nephrectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • The necessity of routine parenchymal renorrhaphy during off-clamp robot-assisted partial nephrectomy remains uncertain. Despite its nephron-sparing intent, PN is still associated with varying degrees of renal functional decline in a substantial proportion of patients.

    Sutureless versus renorrhaphy in robot-assisted off-clamp partial nephrectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • BACKGROUND: In the era of immuno-oncology (IO) combination therapy, prognostic tools for elderly patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) are lacking.

    Development of a prognostic model for elderly patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma treated with first-line immuno-oncology combination therapy. · 2026 · DOI

  • Abstract Distal tubular hyperplasia (DTH) is an underrecognized renal process reported in 5% of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

    Distal tubular Hyperplasia of the kidney: a unique finding in end stage renal disease · 2026 · DOI

  • It remains unclear whether these tumors acquire distinct metastatic programs or instead show premature activation of the same aggressive programs typically associated with larger tumors.

    Molecular underpinnings of metastatic small renal masses · 2026 · DOI

  • Further research on optimizing nivolumab regimens could enhance patient outcomes in RCC.

    Efficacy and safety of nivolumab in advanced renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review of combination and monotherapy approaches 3715 · 2025 · DOI

  • However, clinical data on changes in treatment patterns and attrition before and after ICI-based combinations approval are lacking.

    Treatment and Attrition Trends for Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma in the US · 2025 · DOI

  • In China, most urologic surgeons lack experience in transperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, and limited research exists on the learning curve for transperitoneal RALPN.

    Learning curve of robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy surgery via the transperitoneal approach: a CUSUM analysis · 2025 · DOI

  • Although the use of robot-assisted techniques has grown substantially in recent years, their definitive advantages compared to traditional laparoscopic or open surgeries remain unclear.

    Comparative outcomes of robot-assisted, laparoscopic, and open radical nephrectomy: A Taiwan population-based study · 2025 · DOI

  • Nonetheless, its correlation with the molecular subtype attributes of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains elusive.

    Identification of molecular subtypes and diagnostic model in clear cell renal cell carcinoma based on collagen-related genes may predict the response of immunotherapy · 2024 · DOI

  • Conclusions: It is not well understood why similar gene fusions can give rise to renal tumors with different morpho-immunophenotypes, which may contribute to the recent disagreement regarding their classification.

    TFE3-Rearranged Tumors of the Kidney: An Emerging Conundrum · 2024 · DOI

  • Introduction: Image-guided renal mass biopsy is gaining increased diagnostic acceptance, but there are limited data concerning the safety and diagnostic yield of biopsy for small renal masses (≤4 cm).

    Safety and Diagnostic Efficacy of Image-Guided Biopsy of Small Renal Masses · 2024 · DOI

  • Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) has been shown to be a safe and effective method for treatment of small renal tumors, including clinical T1b renal cell carcinoma (RCC); however, the impact of RAPN for cT1b renal tumors on renal function is not well understood.

    Predictive factors of renal function after robot-assisted partial nephrectomy in clinical T1b tumors · 2024 · DOI

  • There is a lack of awareness of reninoma among clinicians. There is a need for a comprehensive review of Chinese reninoma patients documented in the literature.

    Case Report: A case of pediatric reninoma and literatures review · 2026 · DOI

  • Summary Computerized methods, including AI, are showing increased application in kidney pathology for a wide variety of clinical and histopathologic parameter assessment, including interstitial fibrosis; however, further studies are needed to characterize the performance of AI and handcrafted methods; and additional work is needed to fully integrate computerized methods into routine pathology practice.

    Assessing interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy in kidney biopsies artificial intelligence versus humans · 2026 · DOI

  • The underlying mechanism of metastasis remains speculative. There is a lack of awareness among clinicians and urologists about the possibility of bladder metastasis in patients with a prior history of RCC.

    Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Masquerading as Urinary Bladder Tumor: A Report of a Rare Case · 2026 · DOI

  • Insufficient comparative data on optimal management strategies between multimodal approaches (TURBT plus systemic therapy) versus TURBT alone for metastatic RCC to bladder.

    Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Masquerading as Urinary Bladder Tumor: A Report of a Rare Case · 2026 · DOI

  • The results of some studies have not been published. Limited information is available on the specificity and efficacy of certain vaccines and therapies.

    Discovery of tumor antigens in renal cell carcinoma and prospects for clinical application · 2026 · DOI

  • Further investigation into the clinical application of tumor-associated antigens. Development of novel immunotherapies targeting these antigens. Exploration of combination therapies to enhance efficacy.

    Discovery of tumor antigens in renal cell carcinoma and prospects for clinical application · 2026 · DOI

  • Future studies using larger datasets will employ cross-validation methods. The development of more accurate and reliable machine learning models for ccRCC grading prediction.

    Application of contrast-enhanced CT-based radiomics with machine learning to predict WHO/ISUP grading in clear cell renal cell carcinoma · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of a non-invasive method for preoperative pathological grading of ccRCC. The need for a reliable and accurate method for distinguishing high-grade from low-grade ccRCC.

    Application of contrast-enhanced CT-based radiomics with machine learning to predict WHO/ISUP grading in clear cell renal cell carcinoma · 2026 · DOI

  • Further study of the identified biomarkers and therapeutic vulnerabilities. Development of targeted therapies based on the identified biomarkers and therapeutic vulnerabilities. Investigation of the potential to improve patient outcomes by identifying high-risk patients and providing targeted treatment.

    Multi-omics insights into tumor grade progression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: from molecular mechanisms to precision therapeutics · 2026 · DOI

  • The current understanding of ccRCC progression is incomplete. There is a need for a more comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving ccRCC progression.

    Multi-omics insights into tumor grade progression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: from molecular mechanisms to precision therapeutics · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Renal cell carcinoma treatment

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159 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 527 Renal cell carcinoma treatment papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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