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Open research questions in Reproductive Health and Contraception

175 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 3,989 Reproductive Health and Contraception papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • The sub-themes were insufficient and unclear information; myths and misconceptions; limited visual aids and practical demonstrations; respectful and friendly services; time given by the provider; provider-led choice, influence by peer stories and fear; and accessibility of the services and environment.

    Women’s Experiences of Contraceptive Counseling for Informed Choice in Moshi Municipality, Tanzania: A Qualitative Study · 2026 · DOI

  • Based on the findings of the study the following recommendations are given for the concerned bodies. ARTICLE IN PRESS ARTICLE IN PRESS ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Health institutions should strengthen on educating the importance of preconception care for all clients. Especially focuson less educational status, low monthly income and low and no history of pregnancy mother. Additionally, health institution arranges unit for pre-conception care service. Nongovernmental organizations should support health institutions to increase preconception care utilization by availing appropriate logistics and building preconception care service room, Town, Zonal, and Regional Health Offices should give special attention to preconception care services like other maternal and child services Federal Ministry of Health, policy makers are advised to incorporate preconception counseling and care for HIV-infected women as a routine part of primary health care to improve the utilization of preconception care Researchers who interest in factors affecting PCC among ART should conduct a strong study design.

    Utilization of preconception care and associated factors among HIV-positive women of reproductive age attending ART clinics in government health institutions of Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2021 · 2026 · DOI

  • This study provides important evidence on preconception care utilization among HIV-positive women attending ART clinics and achieved a high response rate. However, the cross-sectional design limits causal inference. The findings may also be affected by recall bias and social desirability bias due to the use of interviewer-administered questionnaires. Since the study was facility-based, the results may not be generalizable to all HIV-positive women in the community. In addition, the inclusion of some routine HIV care services as components of preconception care may have led to an overestimation of preconception care utilization.

    Utilization of preconception care and associated factors among HIV-positive women of reproductive age attending ART clinics in government health institutions of Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2021 · 2026 · DOI

  • This study presents several notable contributions to advancing equity in maternal health.

    Inequality in preconception care utilization based on the opportunity inequality framework: evidence from explained machine learning · 2026 · DOI

  • It is recommended that Lusaka Apex Medical University, in collaboration with the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Higher Education, and international partners such as WHO and UNESCO, strengthens and institutionalizes targeted reproductive health promotion programs on emergency contraceptive pill (ECP) utilization. These programs incorporate comprehensive health education, should social mobilization, health communication, and awareness campaigns aimed at enhancing knowledge and informed decision-making on ECP use among female students in institutions of higher learning. 2. The investigator also recommends that, Lusaka Apex Medical University management should set-up youth friendly Conner within the campus in order to increase the accessibility and utilization of emergency contraceptive services for youth university students. 3. The author further suggests that the management of Lusaka Apex Medical University should develop peer education and counseling programs across its campuses to promote positive perceptions and strengthen attitudes toward the use of Emergency Contraceptive Pills (ECPs) among female students 4. The researcher further recommends that, Lusaka Apex Medical University should promote collaboration between university health services, student leadership, and faithbased groups reinforce positive attitudes, and ensure equitable access to accurate information, thereby improving informed decision-making and optimal utilization of emergency contraceptive pills. 5. The researcher recommends that there is a need to assess the influence of peers and family on the attitudes and perceptions of female students toward emergency contraceptive pills utilization in institutions of higher learning in Zambia.

    Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Female Students (18-49) Years) Towards Emergency Contraceptive Pills Utilization at Lusaka apex medical university, Lusaka. Zambia · 2026 · DOI

  • In this report, we describe the utilization of an understudied family planning measure-women's expressed intent to use (ITU) contraceptives within the next year-and explore its implications for population-level standardized comparisons and family planning programs using the Performance Monitoring for Action program data in 10 low- and middle-income geographies.

    Measuring “Intent Satisfied”: Toward a Person‐Centered Metric of Contraceptive Use · 2025 · DOI

  • Implementing self-injection (SI) of subcutaneous depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-SC) is a key self-care strategy for sexual and reproductive health, but SI uptake remains low, and assertions about the potential of SI to increase women's control over contraceptive use lack evidence.

    Women's Perspectives on the Unique Benefits and Challenges of Self‐Injectable Contraception: A Four‐Country In‐Depth Interview Study in Sub‐Saharan Africa · 2024 · DOI

  • WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY RIF is a challenge in the ART clinic, with a multitude of investigations and interventions offered and applied in clinical practice, often without biological rationale or with unequivocal evidence of benefit.

    ESHRE good practice recommendations on recurrent implantation failure · 2023 · DOI

  • Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of LNG IUDs for emergency contraceptive use; address the effects of repeated use of UPА at different times in the same menstrual cycle; assess the impact on ovulation of initiating or reinitiating different regimens of regular hormonal contraception following UPА use; and elucidate effective emergency contraceptive pill options by body mass indices or weight.

    Emergency contraception: society of family planning clinical recommendation (2023) · 2023 · DOI

  • We developed 11 primary endpoints based on assessment of clinical risks that could occur if consumers fail to heed them, including messages about contraindications and directions for use; 11 secondary endpoints represented additional important information but with lower potential for clinical consequences if not understood.

    Pilot label comprehension study for an over‐the‐counter combined oral contraceptive pill in the United States · 2022 · DOI

  • Conversations with partners, peers, and family members influence AGYW contraceptive decision-making yet little is known about conversation content and impact or how they vary by relationship status and parity.

    Contraceptive Conversations among Adolescent Girls and Young Women and Their Partners, Peers, and Older Female Family Members in Lilongwe, Malawi: A Qualitative Analysis · 2021 · DOI

  • Contraceptive use was found to be historically acceptable in this sample, in stark contrast to rates of use within the last six months prior to incarceration, suggesting that reproductive justice-informed, social work interventions to help improve current contraceptive use are warranted as a harm-reduction approach.

    Contraceptive use in Appalachian women who use drugs and were recruited from rural jails · 2020 · DOI

  • Though underexplored, the early years of the PRC remain critical to histories of reproduction in China because many of the gender dynamics, socioeconomic pressures, and cultural preferences that informed contraceptive practices in the 1950s continued to do so for decades to come.

    Less Reproduction, More Production: Birth Control in the Early People’s Republic of China, 1949–1958 · 2019 · DOI

  • CONTEXT: Although reproductive life planning (RLP) is recommended in federal and clinical guidelines and may help insured women make personalized contraceptive choices, it has not been systematically evaluated for effectiveness.

    Reproductive Life Planning and Contraceptive Action Planning for Privately Insured Women: The MyNewOptions Study · 2019 · DOI

  • CONTEXT: Structural barriers to the provision of long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods at community health centers have been identified in quantitative research, but the processes and behaviors by which center staff respond to these barriers are poorly understood.

    Barriers and Pathways to Providing Long‐Acting Reversible Contraceptives in Massachusetts Community Health Centers: A Qualitative Exploration · 2018 · DOI

  • Future research should explore the impact of altering or eliminating the ACA both on the Title X provider network and on the individuals who rely on it.

    Use of Health Insurance Among Clients Seeking Contraceptive Services at Title X–Funded Facilities in 2016 · 2018 · DOI

  • Providing access to long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods--IUDs and implants--before release is one strategy to meet this need and potentially prepare them for reentry to the community, but the safety and feasibility of providing these methods in this setting have not been described.

    Long‐Acting Reversible Contraceptives for Incarcerated Women: Feasibility and Safety of On‐Site Provision · 2015 · DOI

  • Continued efforts to characterize relationships between OC knowledge and behavior and to test the effectiveness of different components of interventions aimed at increasing knowledge, addressing side effects, and improving use of OCs are warranted.

    The Influence of Oral Contraceptive Knowledge on Oral Contraceptive Continuation Among Young Women · 2014 · DOI

  • Abstract In New's response to our article he concedes that (1) his dataset had over 150 misclassification errors, (2) used an incorrect weight to correct for heteroscedasticity, (3) did not control for interstate travel by women to an out-of-state abortion provider, and (4) some of his empirical results are numerically implausible.

    Another Critical Review of New's Reanalysis of the Impact of Antiabortion Legislation · 2014 · DOI

  • This review is limited by the fact that the original studies did not provide sufficient data on the delay between intercourse and insertion of the IUD, parity, cycle day of intercourse or IUD type to allow analysis by any of these variables.

    The efficacy of intrauterine devices for emergency contraception: a systematic review of 35 years of experience · 2012 · DOI

  • The following most significant factors for the long duration of the abortion problem have been singled out: insufficient knowledge of modern contraception, a belief that modern contraceptive methods are harmful to health and a number of psychological barriers as well as those arising from relationships with partners.

    The abortion culture issue in Serbia · 2011 · DOI

  • In spite of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) having been available for more than 50 years, surprisingly little is known about the prevalence of truly COC-related adverse mood symptoms and about the underlying biological mechanisms of proposed changes in mood and affect.

    Adverse mood symptoms with oral contraceptives · 2011 · DOI

  • Food and Drug Administration's 2006 approval of behind-the-counter sales of the method to women aged 18 and older remains to be seen; therefore, understanding patterns of use and counseling before the 2006 policy change is necessary to assess its impact.

    Counseling About and Use of Emergency Contraception in the United States · 2008 · DOI

  • CONTEXT: Despite advances related to the provision of emergency contraception in Canada, particularly the granting of independent prescriptive authority to pharmacists in 2000, little is known about the ways in which women perceive potential barriers to using it.

    Identifying Barriers to Emergency Contraception Use Among Young Women from Various Sociocultural Groups in British Columbia, Canada · 2007 · DOI

  • CONCLUSION: While MFC appears to be well accepted overall, the willingness to use this type of contraception varies widely between differing population groups.

    Attitudes toward male fertility control: results of a multinational survey on four continents · 2004 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Reproductive Health and Contraception

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175 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 3,989 Reproductive Health and Contraception papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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