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Open research questions in Scoliosis diagnosis and treatment

630 gap statements mined from Scoliosis diagnosis and treatment papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 2,338 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • The gap in the literature is the limited understanding of the association between body mass index and postoperative pulmonary complications in pediatric scoliosis correction surgery. The study aims to address this gap by investigating the relationship between BMI and PPCs.

    Association of body mass index with postoperative pulmonary complications and potential explanatory pathways in paediatric scoliosis correction surgery: a multicentre cohort study · 2026 · DOI

  • The small sample size of the study, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. The potential for variability in the measurement of Cobb angle and RMS metrics. The need for further research to validate the use of RMS-3D as a complementary measure of longitudinal trunk surface remodeling.

    Evaluation of the effect of Rigo-Chêneau type brace on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using computer-aided modeling and 3D surface analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • The study reports domain challenges, such as the need to balance the restoration of sagittal alignment with the risk of junctional kyphosis and failure. The paper notes the challenge of achieving adequate bone mineral density in elderly patients with adult spinal deformity.

    Proximal and distal junctional failures after a short-segment minimally invasive surgery combination that incorporates anterior column realignment (ACR) for adult spinal deformity · 2026 · DOI

  • One challenge identified is the difficulty in correcting pelvic tilt and maintaining sagittal vertical axis. Another challenge is the potential for rod fractures and surgical-site infections. The study also highlights the need for refined techniques and individualized planning to address these challenges and improve outcomes in adult spinal deformity correction.

    Surgical planning for spinal deformity correction: the contribution of patient-specific rods · 2026 · DOI

  • The gap in current research is the lack of understanding of how to effectively translate preoperative planning into accurate and durable postoperative alignment in adult spinal deformity correction. The study aims to address this gap by investigating the use of patient-specific rods in surgical planning.

    Surgical planning for spinal deformity correction: the contribution of patient-specific rods · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to determine the Minimal Clinically Important Changes in surface topography parameters in AIS after undergoing Schroth SSE exercises.

    Responsiveness and minimal clinically important changes of surface topography parameters in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis: results from the schroth exercise trial · 2026 · DOI

  • There is limited comparative evidence on the effects of different exercise-based interventions on outcomes in AIS. Prior studies have not adequately addressed the effects of PNF and CS exercises on spinal curvature, trunk rotation, and functional performance in adolescents with AIS.

    Effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and core stabilization on physical and functional parameters in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis: a randomized controlled trial · 2026 · DOI

  • Traditional scoliosis screening methods have limitations, including radiation risks. There is a need for a non-invasive, low-cost method for scoliosis screening and follow-up. The Cobb angle has limitations as a method for longitudinal monitoring of scoliosis.

    Reliability and validity of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis diagnosis based on mobile phone AI scoliosis screening algorithm and infrared 3D spine assessment system · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of understanding of the factors associated with favorable outcomes of floating fusion and lumbosacral spinal fusion. The limited knowledge of the complications associated with each surgical approach. The need for a comparative study of floating fusion and lumbosacral spinal fusion.

    Factors associated with favorable outcomes of floating fusion or lumbosacral spinal fusion in adult spinal deformity surgery: an analysis of the incidence of mechanical complications from a multicenter study · 2026 · DOI

  • The current study aims to address the gap in understanding the predictors of curve progression in night-time bracing. Prior work has shown variable success rates, but the factors influencing progression are not well understood.

    Can curve characteristics predict severe progression in night-time bracing in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? · 2026 · DOI

  • Class imbalance in the dataset, which limited improvements in threshold-dependent metrics. The complexity of the biomechanical relationship between spinal deformity and pulmonary impairment, which makes it challenging to develop accurate predictive models. The need to integrate radiographic images and clinical data, which requires the development of novel methodologies.

    Spinal morphology–based multimodal AI for predicting pulmonary dysfunction in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of C5 PSO in a larger population. Comparison of C5 PSO with other surgical techniques, such as anterior revision surgery, is necessary to determine the best approach for each patient. Investigation of the long-term outcomes of C5 PSO is required to assess its durability and potential complications.

    First description of C5 pedicle subtraction osteotomy for post-ACDF kyphotic deformity: a case report · 2026 · DOI

  • The study was a retrospective cohort study. The sample size was limited to 43 patients. Further prospective multicenter validation is warranted.

    Intraoperative full-spine imaging with C-arm using a deep learning-based automatic stitching model: development and clinical validation · 2026 · DOI

  • Further prospective multicenter validation of the model is needed. The model's performance across different types of scoliosis and patient populations should be evaluated.

    Intraoperative full-spine imaging with C-arm using a deep learning-based automatic stitching model: development and clinical validation · 2026 · DOI

  • The need to identify significant predictors of adverse events. The challenge of determining the overall weight of biological variables in predicting adverse events.

    The weight of the most common biological variables in the prediction of adverse events after adult spinal deformity surgery · 2026 · DOI

  • LDI has been minimally evaluated within a degenerative spine population. The relationship between LDI and outcomes after lumbar fusion surgery is not well understood.

    The impact of preoperative lordosis distribution index on postoperative sagittal alignment and outcomes after lumbar fusion surgery for degenerative spine disease · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of studies on SRS-22r scores in children without spine conditions. There is a need for normative data for children under 16 years of age.

    Finding normo: reporting values for the SRS22r score in healthy sport-active children · 2026 · DOI

  • There are no perfectly reliable technical tools described in the literature to date for achieving the desired angular correction in PSO. Prior methods for determining the required amount of correction are complex and not reliable.

    Relevance of trigonometric method to achieve the angular correction during pedicule subtraction osteotomy · 2026 · DOI

  • The study was retrospective, - The requirement for informed consent was waived because of the retrospective design and use of de-identified data, - Further prospective validation and clinical-impact assessment are required before clinical…

    Association of body mass index with postoperative pulmonary complications and potential explanatory pathways in paediatric scoliosis correction surgery: a multicentre cohort study · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm the findings, - Investigation of the long-term effects of brace treatment on trunk surface remodeling, - Exploration of the use of 3D surface scanning in other spinal…

    Evaluation of the effect of Rigo-Chêneau type brace on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using computer-aided modeling and 3D surface analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • Future studies employing multisegmental IMU configurations could offer a more comprehensive understanding of global movement patterns - Future research should include postoperative longitudinal follow-up and multisegmental IMU configurations to investigate dynamic recovery and neuromuscular control evolution after surgical…

    Quantifying gait and mobility in severe idiopathic scoliosis with inertial measurement technology · 2026 · DOI

  • The study only included 95 elderly ASD patients, - The study had a limited follow-up period of ≥ 2 years, - The study did not compare the results to a control…

    Proximal and distal junctional failures after a short-segment minimally invasive surgery combination that incorporates anterior column realignment (ACR) for adult spinal deformity · 2026 · DOI

  • Combination of the trigonometric method with intraoperative neuro-navigation techniques - Evaluation of the method in a prospective study - Application of the method to other types of spinal…

    Relevance of trigonometric method to achieve the angular correction during pedicule subtraction osteotomy · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed, - Research on the long-term effectiveness of the mobile AI scoliosis screening algorithm and infrared 3D spine system, - Investigation of the cost-effectiveness…

    Reliability and validity of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis diagnosis based on mobile phone AI scoliosis screening algorithm and infrared 3D spine assessment system · 2026 · DOI

  • Long-term follow-up to assess the durability of spinal growth and vertebral remodelling, - Comparison with other growth-friendly techniques, - Investigation of the effects of OWSER on thoracic insufficiency…

    Continuous distraction with the one-way self-expanding rod promotes vertebral remodelling and stimulates spinal growth in early onset scoliosis: a prospective clinical trial · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Scoliosis diagnosis and treatment

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) The gap in current research is the lack of understanding of how to effectively translate preoperative planning into accurate and durable postoperative alignment in adult spinal deformity correction (“Surgical planning for spinal deformity correction: the contribution of…”, 2026); (2) There is a need to determine the Minimal Clinically Important Changes in surface topography parameters in AIS after undergoing Schroth SSE exercises (“Responsiveness and minimal clinically important changes of surface topography…”, 2026); (3) There is limited comparative evidence on the effects of different exercise-based interventions on outcomes in AIS (“Effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and core stabilization on…”, 2026); (4) There is a need for a non-invasive, low-cost method for scoliosis screening and follow-up (“Reliability and validity of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis diagnosis based on…”, 2026); (5) The lack of understanding of the factors associated with favorable outcomes of floating fusion and lumbosacral spinal fusion (“Factors associated with favorable outcomes of floating fusion or lumbosacral…”, 2026). 630 gap statements have been mined from Scoliosis diagnosis and treatment papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 2,338 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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