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Open research questions in Subtitles and Audiovisual Media

159 gap statements mined from Subtitles and Audiovisual Media papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 1,056 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • The challenge of translating swear words in a way that is acceptable to the audience. The difficulty of maintaining the contract of illusion in subtitling when translating swear words. The need to balance the level of offensiveness of swear words in subtitling.

    The Subtitling of Swearing: A Pilot Reception Study · 2024 · DOI

  • Future work can focus on better context-aware translation, stronger Hindi speech synthesis, improved speaker preservation, more robust background-audio remixing, formal evaluation, cleaner deployment, and carefully validated lip-sync extensions.

    A Modular English-to-Hindi Video Dubbing Pipeline: Design, Implementation, and Proof-of-Concept Evaluation · 2026 · DOI

  • Since our RQs focused only on the potential benefits of reading ahead, we did not explore differential impacts of reading precisely synchronously or lagging behind the audio; future studies are warranted which do so, thereby increasing precision and allowing for more specific theoretical predictions for instances when the eye and ear are synchronous, and when the eye lags behind the ear during RWL.

    Audiovisual (a)synchrony · 2026 · DOI

  • The availability of video material in various languages and formats is one of the largest challenges. Manual transcription, translation, and dubbing are time-consuming and costly.

    Audible Sense: Turning Emotionally Adaptive Subtitles into Human-like Speech · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of concurrent studies to cope up and update the recent convenience of the TTS. The need to develop a pro-EFL learning TTS literature.

    Revisiting the Text to Speech Tool in EFL Learning in the Light of the Recent Rise in the Accessibility of the Technology · 2026 · DOI

  • Seventh, word- and learner-related variables, such as frequency, working memory, and visual support (see Teng & Cui, 2025; Kaderoğlu, 2026), were not investigated. Finally, to obtain a more fine-grained picture of the effect of the treatment conditions, future studies are recommended to include a test-only control group.

    The Effect of Textual Enhancement on Incidental Learning of Single Words and Multi-word Items From L2 Captioned Viewing · 2026 · DOI

  • Upcoming studies should explore the motivations driving students' subtitle preferences—specifically, whether they use them out of habit or a deliberate desire to learn—as this context is crucial for interpreting data. Additionally, employing longitudinal methods and more diverse participant groups would help make the findings more universally applicable.

    Relationship between Behaviors in Watching English Movies and English Listening Skill · 2026 · DOI

  • The study recognizes a need to explore the algorithmic reconstruction of scientific knowledge and its implications.

    Multimodal Content Presentation Characteristics and Algorithmic Reconstruction of AIGC-Generated Science Popularization Short Videos: A Case Study of the Douyin Platform · 2026 · DOI

  • However, free online corpora of video game dialogue in languages besides English and Japanese (such as the “FIGS” languages—French, Italian, German, and Spanish) are lacking.

    A multi-language video game dialogue corpus · 2026

  • It also notes the need to address work intensification, reduced autonomy, and deskilling of professional translation expertise.

    LLM-Assisted Translation for Korean OTT Content Localization: A Literature Review on Productivity, Quality, and Human–AI Collaboration · 2026 · DOI

  • The imperfect quality of translations requires post-editing strategies to ensure accuracy. Students may face challenges in using translation apps effectively, such as understanding the context and nuances of language. The study highlights the need for teachers and students to be aware of the potential limitations of translation apps and to develop effective post-editing strategies.

    A Quantitative Inquiry Into Translation App Usage and Post-Editing Strategies Among Taiwanese EFL Tertiary Students · 2026 · DOI

  • Prior studies have focused on professional editors and translators, rather than EFL learners. There is a lack of research on the use of translation apps among tertiary students in Taiwan. The study aims to fill this gap by exploring students' use of translation apps, post-editing strategies, and perceptions of using these apps.

    A Quantitative Inquiry Into Translation App Usage and Post-Editing Strategies Among Taiwanese EFL Tertiary Students · 2026 · DOI

  • The educational contribution of online video remains only partly characterized. There is a lack of research on the impact of mobile-first web layouts and captioned videos on engagement in cardiology education. The study addresses the gap in understanding how simple design choices affect real-world practice in cardiology education.

    Mobile-First Web Access and Captioned Video in Francophone Cardiology Education: Multicountry Ecological Learning Analytics Study · 2026 · DOI

  • The study notes that teachers face issues with slang, strong accents, or unfamiliar vocabulary in YouTube videos, which can hinder comprehension among autistic students. The study highlights the need for careful planning and adequate professional support when using YouTube videos in the classroom.

    Using YouTube Videos to Enhance Vocabulary Acquisition among ASD Learners: Teachers’ Perspectives · 2026 · DOI

  • Prior work on translation, transliteration, and transcription is outlined, but subtitling has received less attention. The gap in understanding the role of subtitling in creating a vernacular counterpublic is identified.

    Subtitling practices and vernacular counterpublics in participatory media · 2026 · DOI

  • Yet, as Pattemore and Gesa emphasize in their timely edited volume, Foreign Language Learning from Audiovisual Input, the pedagogical potential of OV television across a wide range of linguistic features and languages remains underexplored.

    FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING FROM AUDIOVISUAL INPUT: THE ROLE OF ORIGINAL VERSION TELEVISION BY PATTEMORE & GESA (SPRINGER, 2025) · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a gap in empirical evidence regarding the use of student-created video learning materials in a tertiary-level English as a Foreign Language flipped classroom. The study aims to fill this gap by investigating the effectiveness of Technology-Assisted Vocabulary Learning using student-created video learning materials.

    Tech-Enhanced Vocabulary Acquisition: Exploring the Use of Student-Created Video Learning Materials in the Tertiary-Level EFL (English as a Foreign Language) Flipped Classroom · 2025 · DOI

  • Real-time processing and paralinguistic emotions in speech synthesis still have to be overcome. The system can be further improved to support languages with low numbers of resources.

    Audible Sense: Turning Emotionally Adaptive Subtitles into Human-like Speech · 2026 · DOI

  • The analysis is based on a limited dataset of Czech speech. The study does not consider the impact of other factors on articulation rate, such as the speaker's emotional state.

    Exploring the phrase-internal changes in articulation rate: the LARometer tool and its applications · 2026 · DOI

  • The author raises concerns about steps that are not currently being taken in the field of subtitling.

    Captioning and subtitling for d/deaf and hard of hearing audiences · 2026 · DOI

  • The students demonstrated limited abilities to link words effectively, stress the correct syllables, and use pitch patterns properly.

    The effects of video-dubbing tasks on EFL students’ pronunciation of suprasegmental features and autonomy · 2026 · DOI

  • To explore the impact of TTS on Arabic speaking EFL learners. To investigate the potential of TTS in boosting reading zeal.

    Revisiting the Text to Speech Tool in EFL Learning in the Light of the Recent Rise in the Accessibility of the Technology · 2026 · DOI

  • Investigate how audience reception occurs during authentic viewing experiences, - Explore the use of mixed methods in research focusing on the reception of AVT from an empirical…

    The Subtitling of Swearing: A Pilot Reception Study · 2024 · DOI

  • Run controlled studies with professional Korean-English subtitlers comparing HT, LLM-only, and selective post-editing…

    LLM-Assisted Translation for Korean OTT Content Localization: A Literature Review on Productivity, Quality, and Human–AI Collaboration · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies linguistic challenges, including unclear dialogue and specialized terminology. It notes technical challenges, such as the use of WinCAPS Qu4ntum and the application of the Learn Autism and MAAT guidelines. The study highlights the challenge of converting video files to a compatible format.

    A Project-Based Learning Approach in Interlingual Subtitling: Learn Autism as a Case Study · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Subtitles and Audiovisual Media

Most recent work

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) The lack of concurrent studies to cope up and update the recent convenience of the TTS (“Revisiting the Text to Speech Tool in EFL Learning in the Light of the Recent…”, 2026); (2) There is a lack of research on the use of translation apps among tertiary students in Taiwan (“A Quantitative Inquiry Into Translation App Usage and Post-Editing Strategies…”, 2026); (3) There is a lack of research on the impact of mobile-first web layouts and captioned videos on engagement in cardiology education (“Mobile-First Web Access and Captioned Video in Francophone Cardiology…”, 2026); (4) As Pattemore and Gesa emphasize in their timely edited volume, Foreign Language Learning from Audiovisual Input, the pedagogical potential of OV television across a wide range of linguistic features and languages remains underexplored (“FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING FROM AUDIOVISUAL INPUT: THE ROLE OF ORIGINAL VERSION…”, 2026); (5) Free online corpora of video game dialogue in languages besides English and Japanese (such as the “FIGS” languages—French, Italian, German, and Spanish) are lacking (“A multi-language video game dialogue corpus”, 2026). 159 gap statements have been mined from Subtitles and Audiovisual Media papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 1,056 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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