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Open research questions in Thermoregulation and physiological responses

178 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 625 Thermoregulation and physiological responses papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • further studies are needed to investigate the effects of CO2-HWI on different populations, - the optimal CO2 concentration and water temperature for CO2-HWI need to be determined, - the long-term effects of CO2-HWI on athletes need to be examined

    Effectiveness of high-concentration CO2 hot water immersion in conditioning for athletes · 2026 · DOI

  • The effectiveness of high-concentration CO2 hot water immersion in conditioning for athletes is not well understood. The issue of which water temperature is more effective for conditioning athletes is still inconclusive.

    Effectiveness of high-concentration CO2 hot water immersion in conditioning for athletes · 2026 · DOI

  • Clinical and methodological heterogeneity among studies. The self-selected nature of rapid weight loss, recovery duration, and post-weigh-in intake in real-world studies. The lack of randomized comparative evidence.

    Effects of rehydration and nutritional recovery strategies after rapid weight loss on body mass recovery, hydration status, and performance in combat sports athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of quantitative evidence on post-weigh-in body-mass regain and hydration status. The uncertainty surrounding the effects of rehydration and nutritional recovery strategies on exercise performance in combat sports athletes.

    Effects of rehydration and nutritional recovery strategies after rapid weight loss on body mass recovery, hydration status, and performance in combat sports athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • Limited research in the area of heat stress on cognitive functioning of firefighters, - Differences in firefighting activities utilized, - Differences in temperatures that participants were exposed to, - Varied findings can be attributed to the tasks used to assess cognitive processing, - Limited understanding of how and when heat stress may influence cognition in firefighting scenarios

    Do extreme temperatures affect cognition? A short review of the impact of acute heat stress on cognitive performance of firefighters · 2024 · DOI

  • There is a lack of understanding of how heat stress affects cognitive functioning in firefighters. The impact of heat stress on cognitive performance is not well studied, particularly in the context of firefighting. The paper identifies a gap in the research on the effects of heat stress on complex cognitive functioning.

    Do extreme temperatures affect cognition? A short review of the impact of acute heat stress on cognitive performance of firefighters · 2024 · DOI

  • Inflammatory mechanisms in NHB women may contribute, but these mechanisms have not been explored in vivo.

    Evidence for an inflammatory contribution to cutaneous microvascular endothelial dysfunction in non-Hispanic Black women · 2026 · DOI

  • Objectives Although it has been well documented that judo athletes from different competitive levels often exhibit inadequate hydration status, studies investigating the hydration habits of Paralympic judo athletes with visual impairment are scarce.

    Fluid-balance challenges in Para judo athletes with visual impairment despite adequate hydration knowledge · 2026 · DOI

  • ABSTRACT Context: Moist heat packs (MHP) and warm whirlpool (WLP) are widely used by athletic trainers, but whether they produce comparable ankle temperature and posterior tibial artery (PTA) hemodynamic responses remains uncertain.

    Ankle Temperature and Posterior Tibial Artery Hemodynamic Responses to Moist Heat Packs and Warm Whirlpool · 2026 · DOI

  • The meta-analysis then explores experimental research on the regenerated cellulosic fiber Viloft® (a specialty viscose rayon manufactured by Kelheim Fibres GmbH), a fiber primarily used and studied in underwear and sportswear context, but it also shows promise for use in thermal liners due to its unique combination of moisture wicking, absorption, and insulating properties that should be explored further.

    Improving Thermal Comfort of Firefighter Personal Protective Equipment with a Focus on Enhancing Insulation and Moisture Management Abilities: A Meta-Analysis · 2025

  • Based on the recognized potential of wearables in mitigating heat stress, a detailed analysis of the contextual factors, mechanisms, and outcomes of wearable device-based interventions is lacking.

    Wearable device-based interventions in heat-exposed outdoor workers — a scoping review and an explanatory intervention model · 2025 · DOI

  • Despite its established role in these pathophysiological processes, the association between sLDH and blood pressure remains underexplored.

    Positive association between serum lactate dehydrogenase levels and blood pressure: evidence from NHANES 2015–2016 · 2025 · DOI

  • While the gold standard for monitoring heat stress continues to remain with population-based measurements, a straight-forward person-centered approach is lacking.

    The molecular signature of heat stress in sweat reveals non-invasive biomarker candidates for health monitoring · 2025 · DOI

  • Conventionally, women are perceived to feel colder than men, but controlled comparisons are sparse.

    The thermoneutral zone in women takes an “arctic” shift compared to men · 2024 · DOI

  • Although a few existing wearables measure athlete's performance, they are limited by a single function, rigidity, bulkiness, and required straps and adhesives.

    All‐in‐One, Wireless, Multi‐Sensor Integrated Athlete Health Monitor for Real‐Time Continuous Detection of Dehydration and Physiological Stress · 2024 · DOI

  • Further investigation into barriers and facilitators to dietary adherence is recommended for more effective interventions.

    Investigating Nutrition and Hydration Knowledge and Practice among a Cohort of Age-Grade Rugby Union Players · 2024 · DOI

  • While the quality and quantity of evidence is limited, a small number of studies suggested benefits of water intake on weight loss and nephrolithiasis, while single studies raised the possibility of benefits for patients with migraine, urinary tract infection, diabetes, and hypotension.

    Outcomes in Randomized Clinical Trials Testing Changes in Daily Water Intake · 2024 · DOI

  • We propose that the SNS-RAAS axis represents a central regulatory pathway underlying cold-induced hemodynamic changes, warranting further investigation to clarify its contribution to cold-related cardiovascular pathology.

    Advances in understanding cold-related hemodynamic changes in the cardiovascular system · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for further research on physiological responses and health implications in ultra-marathon running. The study identifies gaps in current knowledge on nutritional aspects and medical encounters in the Comrades Marathon.

    The Comrades Marathon: a narrative review of physiological responses and health implications in the world’s oldest ultra-marathon · 2026 · DOI

  • The study had to account for the interaction between footwear thermal resistance, ambient temperature, and physical activity on peripheral thermoregulation. The study had to develop a custom loss function that penalises trajectory deviation and errors in predicting the threshold-crossing event. The study had to evaluate the performance of the model using a limited number of subjects.

    LSTM-based safety-oriented prediction of big toe skin temperature in extreme cold conditions for mountaineering footwear evaluation · 2026 · DOI

  • The study only included male participants, which may affect the generalisability of the results. The study had a limited number of subjects, which may affect the accuracy of the model.

    LSTM-based safety-oriented prediction of big toe skin temperature in extreme cold conditions for mountaineering footwear evaluation · 2026 · DOI

  • Investigating the effects of activity levels on thermal sensation. Examining the impact of individual preferences on thermal sensation. Developing more advanced models that incorporate multiple factors influencing thermal sensation.

    Research on Thermal Sensation Prediction in Shoulder Seasons Using Machine Learning Based on Infrared Thermal Imaging · 2026 · DOI

  • Traditional thermal sensation prediction models demonstrate poor predictive performance during shoulder seasons. Variations in clothing insulation significantly influence human thermal sensation, but are not adequately addressed by existing models.

    Research on Thermal Sensation Prediction in Shoulder Seasons Using Machine Learning Based on Infrared Thermal Imaging · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of research on the effect of body mass on the efficacy of mixed-method cooling. Prior studies have not examined the relationship between body mass and cooling efficacy in the context of athletic performance.

    Effect of body mass on physiological and time-trial performance responses to mixed-method cooling applied between exercise bouts in the heat · 2026 · DOI

  • To conduct multivariate analysis controlling for heterogeneous diagnoses and other aspects of health. To investigate the diagnostic role of myogenic microcirculation oscillations in larger populations. To develop new diagnostic approaches based on assessing the NADH/NAD+ redox balance.

    Sex-specific differences in vascular circulation and metabolic regulation associated with aging and cardiovascular health problems · 2026 · DOI

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178 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 625 Thermoregulation and physiological responses papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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