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Open research questions in Thermoregulation and physiological responses

349 gap statements mined from Thermoregulation and physiological responses papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 1,498 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • There is a lack of research on the effect of heat stress exposure on heat-related symptoms among sugarcane workers in Thailand. The study aims to fill this gap by investigating the associations between heat stress exposure and heat-related symptoms. The study uses a novel approach by examining the associations between heat stress exposure and symptom counts using generalized negative binomial regression.

    Occupational related heat stress exposure and heat-related symptoms among sugarcane workers in Thailand · 2026 · DOI

  • The effects of during-exercise drinking on endurance performance and thermophysiological strain are not well understood. The literature remains contested, with conflicting results on the effects of during-exercise drinking. There is a need for a systematic review with meta-analysis to investigate the effects of different hydration strategies.

    Effects of during-exercise oral hydration strategies on endurance performance and thermophysiological strain: a systematic review with meta-analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for quick and non-invasive techniques for detecting CKD in patients with type 2 diabetes. The SUDOSCAN device has not been extensively studied in the context of CKD detection.

    Possible Use of the SUDOSCAN Nephropathy Risk Score in Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis: Application in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes · 2025 · DOI

  • Commercial heat-flux sensors have limitations in measuring skin heat flux due to disturbances from convection, radiation, and air currents. The need for a controlled reference to improve measurement accuracy. The lack of a mathematical model to predict heat flux response to any exercise protocol.

    Case Study on Skin Calorimetry: Modeling Localized Muscle Heat Transfer During Exercise · 2025 · DOI

  • Existing studies on the effectiveness of heat adaptation behaviors have notable limitations, including their reliance on self-reported symptoms. Cross-sectional designs that limit causal inference. Inconsistent findings regarding the effectiveness of specific adaptation measures.

    Effects of Heat Adaptation Behaviors on Resting Heart Rate Response to Summer Temperatures in Older Adults: Wearable Device Panel Study · 2025 · DOI

  • However, the mechanisms mediating thermal hyperaemia in skeletal muscle remain poorly understood.

    K V channels contribute to thermal hyperaemia in skeletal muscle of humans · 2026 · DOI

  • However, the mechanisms mediating thermal hyperaemia in skeletal muscle of humans remain poorly understood.

    K V channels contribute to thermal hyperaemia in skeletal muscle of humans · 2026 · DOI

  • Although repeated hot‐water immersion (HWI) has been shown to increase haemoglobin mass, the acute physiological responses that might underpin these longer‐term adaptations remain poorly understood.

    A 45 min bout of hot‐water immersion induces transient plasma volume contraction without a detectable increase in circulating erythropoietin · 2026 · DOI

  • However, it remains unclear which factors predispose individuals to either small or large performance decrements.

    Factors Associated With Performance Decrements in Elite Athletes During Exercise Under Hot and Humid Ambient Conditions · 2026 · DOI

  • Humans continuously adapt their behavior to ambient temperature, yet little is known about how they integrate distributed thermal sensations into a unified perception.

    Human thermal sensitivity drifts at extreme temperatures. · 2026 · DOI

  • Public Significance StatementPeople continuously adjust their behavior in response to ambient temperature, yet it remains unclear how the body integrates distributed thermal signals into a unified sense of warmth or cold.

    Human thermal sensitivity drifts at extreme temperatures. · 2026 · DOI

  • Firefighters are repeatedly exposed to extreme radiant and convective heat during live-fire training, yet the potential influence of circadian timing on their thermoregulatory tolerance remains unexplored.

    Circadian modulation of core temperature and thermoregulatory strain during live-fire compartment exposure in firefighters · 2026 · DOI

  • Earlier race start times and cooling stations may mitigate incidences of EHS; however, data on event medicine preparation for hotter temperatures remains scarce.

    Racing in Rising Global Temperatures: A Scoping Review of Heat-Related Illnesses in Endurance Running · 2026 · DOI

  • However, research on how thermal strain affects squash-specific fitness, recovery, and stroke mechanics are lacking.

    Squash in Los Angeles: Heat Strain and Performance Considerations at the 2028 Olympic Games · 2025 · DOI

  • Despite these challenges, there are limited data on the thermoregulatory responses of elite squash players during match play.

    Squash in Los Angeles: Heat Strain and Performance Considerations at the 2028 Olympic Games · 2025 · DOI

  • However, it remains unclear if cold fluid influences an individual's perception of heat strain.

    Effect of fluid temperature on the relation and agreement between perceptual and physiological strain during simulated work in a hot environment · 2025 · DOI

  • Future hypothesis-driven studies, including females, are warranted to confirm these observations.

    Regional variation in age-related decline of acetylcholine-induced sweating in the forearm and lower limb: an exploratory study in males · 2025 · DOI

  • It remains unclear how progressive aging alters regional differences in cholinergic sweat gland function across forearm and lower limb sites.

    Regional variation in age-related decline of acetylcholine-induced sweating in the forearm and lower limb: an exploratory study in males · 2025 · DOI

  • Open-water swimmers need to train with wetsuits to get familiar with them; however, body core temperature (Tcore) kinetics when using wetsuits in swimming-pool training remains unclear.

    Effect of Wetsuit Use on Body Temperature and Swimming Performance During Training in the Pool: Recommendations for Open-Water Swimming Training With Wetsuits · 2024 · DOI

  • The study relied on self-reported behaviors, which may be subject to recall bias. The study's sample size was limited to 83 community-dwelling older adults. The study did not control for all potential confounding variables. The study's findings may not be generalizable to other populations or climates.

    Effects of Heat Adaptation Behaviors on Resting Heart Rate Response to Summer Temperatures in Older Adults: Wearable Device Panel Study · 2025 · DOI

  • The lack of political will and regional coordination to establish permanent protections for workers, - The need for a regulatory framework that can be enforced across the Mediterranean region, - The challenge of translating scientific evidence into effective policy…

    Climate change and occupational heat stress: implications of the 2025 WHO–WMO report for Southern European countries · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of a regulatory framework to protect workers from occupational heat stress in Southern European countries, - The need for permanent legislation and regulation to address heat stress, - The absence of a targeted directive or binding annex setting minimum heat protection standards across the Mediterranean…

    Climate change and occupational heat stress: implications of the 2025 WHO–WMO report for Southern European countries · 2026 · DOI

  • The review was based on a limited number of studies - The studies had high heterogeneity - The prediction intervals crossed the null for some outcomes - The certainty of the estimates was very low - The review did not include a network model…

    Effects of during-exercise oral hydration strategies on endurance performance and thermophysiological strain: a systematic review with meta-analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • The study only included patients with type 2 diabetes, - The study had a relatively small sample size, - The study only considered a limited number…

    Possible Use of the SUDOSCAN Nephropathy Risk Score in Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis: Application in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes · 2025 · DOI

  • Investigating the application of the skin calorimeter in different sports and clinical settings. Developing more sophisticated mathematical treatment to analyze the dynamics of muscle intrinsic dynamics. Characterizing muscle intrinsic dynamics using step inputs with moderate power.

    Case Study on Skin Calorimetry: Modeling Localized Muscle Heat Transfer During Exercise · 2025 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Thermoregulation and physiological responses

Most recent work

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) There is a lack of research on the effect of heat stress exposure on heat-related symptoms among sugarcane workers in Thailand (“Occupational related heat stress exposure and heat-related symptoms among…”, 2026); (2) The effects of during-exercise drinking on endurance performance and thermophysiological strain are not well understood (“Effects of during-exercise oral hydration strategies on endurance performance…”, 2026); (3) The mechanisms mediating thermal hyperaemia in skeletal muscle remain poorly understood (“K V channels contribute to thermal hyperaemia in skeletal muscle of humans”, 2026); (4) Although repeated hot‐water immersion (HWI) has been shown to increase haemoglobin mass, the acute physiological responses that might underpin these longer‐term adaptations remain poorly understood (“A 45 min bout of hot‐water immersion induces transient plasma volume…”, 2026); (5) It remains unclear which factors predispose individuals to either small or large performance decrements (“Factors Associated With Performance Decrements in Elite Athletes During…”, 2026). 349 gap statements have been mined from Thermoregulation and physiological responses papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 1,498 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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