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Open research questions in Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

249 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 651 Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • 1. Further research with larger, multicenter cohorts should be undertaken to validate these findings, assess performance across diverse populations, and explore to improve specificity. integration with molecular testing

    APPLICATION OF BETHESDA SYSTEM IN CYTOLOGICAL EVALUATION AND CORRELATION TO HISTOPATHOLOGY OF SOLITARY THYROID NODULE · 2026 · DOI

  • Investigate the independent effects of fixative type and storage duration on assay performance, - Examine the relationship between turnaround time and assay choice

    Optimizing Tissue Preparation for Molecular Testing in Thyroid Tumors: A Retrospective Analysis of 177 Cases from a High-Volume Japanese Center · 2026 · DOI

  • the pathophysiology of thyroidectomized patients is complex and influenced by multiple factors - individual variations in the HPT axis may not be fully reflected in standard thyroid function tests - the effectiveness of soft gel LT4 has been investigated in a limited number of clinical studies

    Levothyroxine therapy in thyroidectomized patients: ongoing challenges and controversies · 2025 · DOI

  • evaluating the impact of levothyroxine therapy on quality of life is an area of growing interest in patient-centered outcomes research - assessing the quality of life in patients who had undergone thyroidectomy in relation to thyroid hormone replacement therapy - investigating the effects of TSH suppression therapy on bone health

    Levothyroxine therapy in thyroidectomized patients: ongoing challenges and controversies · 2025 · DOI

  • The current epidemiological data on ATC remain outdated, with available statistics extending only through 2015 or earlier. The study is based on a retrospective analysis of the SEER database and may have limitations related to data quality and completeness. The study does not provide information on the causes of the increasing incidence and mortality of ATC.

    Trends in incidence, mortality, and conditional survival of anaplastic thyroid cancer over the last two decades in the USA · 2025 · DOI

  • Further studies are needed to investigate the causes of the increasing incidence and mortality of ATC. Research on the development of new treatments and therapies for ATC is necessary. Studies on the validation of the CS-nomogram in other populations and datasets are required.

    Trends in incidence, mortality, and conditional survival of anaplastic thyroid cancer over the last two decades in the USA · 2025 · DOI

  • The study had a retrospective design, - The sample size was limited to 47 patients, - The study was conducted at a single tertiary thyroid center

    Ultrasound and histopathological assessment of benign, borderline, and malignant thyroid tumors in pediatric patients: an illustrative review and literature overview · 2025 · DOI

  • Further studies are needed to clarify the distinguishing characteristics of borderline lesions, - Research should focus on the effective differentiation of borderline lesions from other thyroid pathologies, - Studies should investigate the indolent biological behavior of NIFTP

    Ultrasound and histopathological assessment of benign, borderline, and malignant thyroid tumors in pediatric patients: an illustrative review and literature overview · 2025 · DOI

  • BACKGROUND: Growing evidence suggests a complex interplay between thyroid function and various cancers, and yet their shared genetic basis and underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

    Insights into Shared Genetic Architecture Linking Thyroid Function and Cancer · 2026 · DOI

  • Importance: The magnitude of thyroid cancer overdiagnosis in the US, accounting for the true increase in underlying disease, has not been quantified.

    Overdiagnosis of Papillary Thyroid Cancer · 2026 · DOI

  • Background: Xenotropic and polytropic retrovirus receptor 1 (XPR1) is highly expressed in human thyroid carcinoma (TC), yet its functional role remains unclear.

    XPR1 Promotes the Malignant Phenotypes of Thyroid Carcinoma Cells Partly Through NF-κB-Related Signaling · 2026 · DOI

  • However, its epidemiological investigation including the disease burden and its trends remains insufficiently explored.

    Global trend and disparity in the burden of thyroid cancer attributable to high body-mass index from 1990 to 2021 and projection to 2049: a systematic analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 · 2025 · DOI

  • Despite their prevalence, the psychological impact of thyroid nodules remains underexplored.

    Anxiety disorders in patients with thyroid nodules vs. thyroid cancer: a retrospective cohort study · 2025 · DOI

  • Purpose: While the prognosis for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is favorable, the health-related quality of life (QOL) of survivors is not well understood.

    Factors influencing the quality of life in survivors of differentiated thyroid cancer based on patient-reported outcomes: a single-center cross-sectional study · 2025 · DOI

  • However, the specific molecular mechanisms involved in PTC evolution, driven by metabolic reprogramming and tumor-microenvironmental interactions, remain poorly understood.

    Integrated spatial metabolomics and transcriptomics reveal the molecular landscape of papillary thyroid cancer and its lymph node metastasis · 2025 · DOI

  • Gastrointestinal metastases are rare in patients with thyroid carcinoma (TC), and their underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

    Analysis of thyroid carcinoma composition and spatial architecture in the progression of dedifferentiation, lymphatic metastasis, and gastric metastasis · 2025 · DOI

  • With increasing incidental identification of these variants in asymptomatic individuals outside family screening, these individuals' risk of medullary thyroid cancer and all-cause mortality without intervention remain unknown in this context.

    Medullary Thyroid Cancer Risk and Mortality in Carriers of Incidentally Identified MEN2A RET Variants · 2025 · DOI

  • Compared with the clinical assessment and diagnosis of thyroid nodules, there are relatively few studies on the epidemiological risk factors for thyroid nodules.

    Prevalence of thyroid nodule and relationship with physiological and psychosocial factors among adults in Zhejiang Province, China: a baseline survey of a cohort study · 2024 · DOI

  • Similarly, few studies have investigated the interactions between hormones and hormone systems.

    A review of complex hormone regulation in thyroid cancer: novel insights beyond the hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis · 2024 · DOI

  • In fact, numerous studies of patients with acromegaly have shown that serum levels of GH and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) may be associated with the onset and progression of TC, although the influences of age, sex, and other risk factors, such as obesity and stress, remain unclear.

    A review of complex hormone regulation in thyroid cancer: novel insights beyond the hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis · 2024 · DOI

  • Therefore, in cases where the initial FNA diagnosis of thyroid nodules is inconclusive, CNB should be considered as a viable option for re-puncture.

    A comparative analysis of core needle biopsy and repeat fine needle aspiration in patients with inconclusive initial cytology of thyroid nodules · 2024 · DOI

  • As the degree and speed of lesion absorption vary greatly between individuals, an effective model to predict curative effect after ablation is lacking.

    A prognostic model for thermal ablation of benign thyroid nodules based on interpretable machine learning · 2024 · DOI

  • Background Previous observational studies have shown conflicting results of vitamins supplementation for thyroid diseases.

    Association of circulating vitamin levels with thyroid diseases: a Mendelian randomization study · 2024 · DOI

  • As the pathogenic mechanisms of RAIR-DTC remain elusive, here we aim to review recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of RAIR-DTC and provide valuable insights for the development of future molecularly targeted therapeutic approaches.

    Pathogenesis and signaling pathways related to iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer · 2024 · DOI

  • Background There is currently insufficient data to validate adult-based US risk stratification systems (RSSs) for the identification of malignant thyroid nodules in a pediatric population.

    Comparison of ultrasound risk stratification systems for pediatric thyroid nodules · 2024 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

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249 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 651 Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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