Open research questions in Ultrasound in Clinical Applications
148 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 526 Ultrasound in Clinical Applications papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.
What the literature leaves open
The gap in current research is the lack of timely and precise identification of non-cardiac etiologies of chest pain, including pneumothorax, in pediatric emergency departments. The gap is addressed by evaluating the use of point-of-care lung ultrasound in a pediatric emergency department.
Point-of-care lung ultrasound in the evaluation of chest pain in a pediatric emergency department · 2026 · DOIinconsistent neonatal-specific thresholds, - operator dependence, - limited training infrastructure, - insufficient validation in extremely low birth weight populations
From invasive to non-invasive: point-of-care ultrasound parameters and a clinical decision algorithm for central venous pressure assessment in critically Ill neonates · 2026 · DOIThe lack of standardized protocols for non-invasive CVP assessment in critically ill neonates using POCUS parameters. The need for dedicated neonatal training and credentialing standards for POCUS. The limited validation of POCUS parameters in extremely low birth weight populations.
From invasive to non-invasive: point-of-care ultrasound parameters and a clinical decision algorithm for central venous pressure assessment in critically Ill neonates · 2026 · DOIThe review is based on a focused, non-systematic search of major databases. The underlying principles are clinically transferable but limited to adult ED literature. The proposed framework does not replace antimicrobials, source control, comprehensive imaging, or clinical judgment.
Point-of-care ultrasound in emergency department sepsis and septic shock: a pragmatic framework for source-oriented assessment and physiologic reassessment · 2026 · DOIInvestigate the use of POCUS in pediatric populations. Explore the integration of POCUS with other diagnostic tools for improved accuracy.
Point-of-care ultrasound in emergency department sepsis and septic shock: a pragmatic framework for source-oriented assessment and physiologic reassessment · 2026 · DOIfurther studies are needed to investigate the use of point-of-care ultrasonography in pediatric emergency departments, - research on the long-term outcomes of patients with chest pain in pediatric emergency departments is needed, - studies on the cost-effectiveness of point-of-care ultrasonography in pediatric emergency departments could be conducted
Point-of-care lung ultrasound in the evaluation of chest pain in a pediatric emergency department · 2026 · DOILung ultrasound enables detection of extravascular lung water through B-lines, even in early stages, but its role in HFpEF patients managed in primary care remains poorly defined.
Pulmonary congestion assessed by lung ultrasound in stable ambulatory patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction in primary care · 2026 · DOIOverall, combined biomarker strategies and tools like lung ultrasound have shown promise in some studies, but current evidence is insufficient for broader clinical use.
Despite this, optimal training methods for CVS remain uncertain, particularly regarding whether techniques involving context variation, needle guides, or freehand approaches yield superior skill acquisition and performance.
To guide or not to guide: A randomized study on the use of needle guide for chorionic villus sampling training · 2025 · DOIFuture research should focus on standardizing protocols and evaluating the impact of POCUS-guided management on patient outcomes.
While current strategies incorporate digital learning and ultrasound simulators, the effectiveness of these simulators for learning remains uncertain.
Simulator training in focus assessed transthoracic echocardiography (FATE) for undergraduate medical students: results from the FateSim randomized controlled trial · 2025 · DOIBACKGROUND: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) can be used in a variety of clinical settings and is a safe and powerful tool for ultrasound-trained healthcare providers, such as physicians and nurses; however, the effectiveness of ultrasound education for nursing students remains unclear.
Sustained effects of bladder point-of-care ultrasound simulation exercise on nursing students: A prospective cohort study · 2025 · DOIBACKGROUND: There exists no standardized longitudinal curriculum for teaching bedside ultrasonography (US) in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (PCCM) fellowship programs.
A longitudinal blended learning curriculum for bedside ultrasound education in pulmonary and critical care fellowship · 2025 · DOIBACKGROUND: An educational gap for point-of-care-ultrasound (POCUS) training exists within Internal Medicine (IM) residency programs in that there is currently no standardized training paradigm.
The design, performance and organizational impact of a point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) elective for internal medicine residents · 2025 · DOIHowever, evidence on the use of VExUS, particularly in combination with LUS, in critically ill children with fluid overload is scarce, and their clinical utility in this setting is yet to be established.
Correlation between positive fluid balances with venous excess ultrasound scores and lung ultrasound in critically ill children with fluid overload · 2025 · DOIImportance: The association of cardiopulmonary point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) with length of stay (LOS) and hospitalization costs for patients admitted to internal medicine wards remains uncertain.
Cardiopulmonary Point-of-Care Ultrasonography for Hospitalist Management of Undifferentiated Dyspnea · 2025 · DOIIntroduction There have been few studies on predictors of weaning failure from MV in patients with heart failure (HF).
B-lines by lung ultrasound as a predictor of re-intubation in mechanically ventilated patients with heart failure · 2024 · DOICONCLUSIONS: Despite a lack of consensus in POCUS education, existing literature describes many curricular designs across institutions.
Development of a hybrid point-of-care ultrasound curriculum for first year medical students in a rural medical education program: a pilot study · 2024 · DOIIntegration of POCUS into paramedics' training curricula offers opportunities and should be further studied.
Development and evaluation of a point-of-care ultrasound curriculum for paramedics in Germany – a prospective observational study and comparison · 2024 · DOICONTEXT: Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) has become an important tool in the clinical practice of many specialties, but its use and impact in General Practice in France remains to be explored.
Consensus on relevant point-of-care ultrasound skills in General Practice: a two-round French Delphi study · 2024 · DOIHowever, there are no data on the potential role of PoCUS in the preclinical training of medical students in Saudi Arabia.
Investigating medical students’ perceptions of point-of-care ultrasound integration into preclinical education · 2024 · DOICommon ultrasound usage barriers were insufficient scanning routine, supervision, knowledge, confidence and mental surplus.
Ultrasound education, competencies and expected future use among medical interns in Denmark: a national cross-sectional study · 2024 · DOISuch tools can potentially enhance ultrasound training, warranting the expansion of the application to more views and prompting further studies on long-term learning effects.
The effect of real-time EF automatic tool on cardiac ultrasound performance among medical students · 2024 · DOIHowever, the specific methodologies for utilizing LUS in clinical practice remain controversial.
Prospective, non-blinded, randomized controlled trial on early administration of pulmonary surfactant guided by lung ultrasound scores in very preterm infants: study protocol · 2024 · DOIThe lung ultrasonography score (LUS) is accurate to guide surfactant replacement in early preterm neonates, but to our knowledge, it has not yet been studied in the late preterm through full-term neonatal population.
Quantitative Lung Ultrasonography to Guide Surfactant Therapy in Neonates Born Late Preterm and Later · 2024 · DOI
Most-cited papers in Ultrasound in Clinical Applications
- Ultrasound Guidelines: Emergency, Point-of-Care and Clinical Ultrasound Guidelines in Medicine · Annals of Emergency Medicine · 2017 · 524 citations
- Emergency Ultrasound Guidelines · Annals of Emergency Medicine · 2009 · 477 citations
- Ultrasound imaging in the diagnosis of muscle disease · The Journal of Pediatrics · 1982 · 415 citations
- Lung Ultrasound for the Diagnosis of Pneumonia in Children: A Meta-analysis · PEDIATRICS · 2015 · 391 citations
- ISUOG Practice Guidelines (updated): performance of 11–14‐week ultrasound scan · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2023 · 261 citations
- Bedside echocardiography by emergency physicians · Annals of Emergency Medicine · 2001 · 257 citations
- ACEP emergency ultrasound guidelines–2001 · Annals of Emergency Medicine · 2001 · 215 citations
- Guidelines for Performing a Comprehensive Pediatric Transthoracic Echocardiogram: Recommendations From the American Society of Echocardiography · Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography · 2024 · 171 citations
- Emergency Department Ultrasound Scanning for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Accessible, Accurate, and Advantageous · Annals of Emergency Medicine · 2000 · 148 citations
- Paramedian access to the epidural space: the optimum window for ultrasound imaging · Journal of Clinical Anesthesia · 2001 · 148 citations
Most recent work
- Does This Patient Have Volume Overload? · JAMA · 2026
- Facilitators and barriers to implementation of obstetric ultrasound scanning intervention by midwives within maternal and child health departments of the selected healthcare facilities in four districts of Zambia: experiences of healthcare workers · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · 2026
- Feasibility of serial perioperative lung ultrasound to monitor fluid shifts during thulium laser prostate enucleation · World Journal of Urology · 2026
- Artificial intelligence models for point-of-care ultrasound diagnostics in dogs · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · 2026
- Development of a Foundational Neuromuscular Ultrasound Competency Assessment for Trainees · Muscle & Nerve · 2026
- Paradigm shift in medicine and in clinical reasoning method: time has come for a new chest semiotics · Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine · 2026
- Prediction of difficult airways in elderly patients using bedside ultrasound: a prospective single-blind observational study · Scientific Reports · 2026
- Should Interventional Radiologists Incorporate Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Into Their Daily Practice? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of IVUS in Peripheral Arterial Endovascular Interventions · CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology · 2026
- Utility of Lung Ultrasound Assessment in Infants with Acute Bronchiolitis: An Observational Study – Correspondence · Indian Journal of Pediatrics · 2026
- Utility of Lung Ultrasound Assessment in Infants with Acute Bronchiolitis: An Observational Study – Correspondence-2 · The Indian Journal of Pediatrics · 2026
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