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Open research questions in Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research

56 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 618 Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • Collectively, TUCBDP may effectively improve the urinary and sexual function of BPH patients, with fewer postoperative complications, and its efficacy is not limited by age and prostate volume.

    Wettbewerb als Norm der Wettbewerbspolitik · 2026 · DOI

  • Another limitation was absence of data on re-initiation of medical therapy and patterns of score changes on standard patient questionnaires such as IPSS which requires a detailed look and should be explored in future studies.

    Long-term patterns of surgical reintervention after various benign prostatic hyperplasia procedures in a large national database · 2026 · DOI

  • No difference in OAB medication cessation was detected across procedures, although interpretation is limited by the small number of patients receiving these therapies preoperatively.

    Predictors of Medication Cessation After Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Procedures · 2026 · DOI

  • While mPeDet demonstrates strong correlation with BOOI and high diagnostic performance, its primary contribution may lie in its ability to refine classification in cases where conventional indices are inconclusive.

    Time-Series Analysis of Detrusor Pressure as an Adjunctive Parameter for Diagnosing Bladder Outlet Obstruction in Men · 2026 · DOI

  • In contemporary clinical practice, establishing a rehabilitation diagnosis for patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction due to spinal cord injury is challenging because the nosological diagnosis based on the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10) is insufficient for rehabilitation planning.

    THE INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONING, DISABILITY AND HEALTH (ICF) AS THE BASIS FOR REHABILITATION DIAGNOSIS IN NEURO-UROLOGY · 2026 · DOI

  • Abstract Background Overactive bladder (OAB) is a symptom-defined syndrome, and its metabolic correlates remain incompletely understood.

    Elevated urinary succinate in women with symptom-defined overactive bladder without clinically recognized cardiometabolic disease: a cross-sectional study · 2026 · DOI

  • Abstract Purpose Postoperative dysuria after endoscopic laser enucleation of the prostate (EEP) is common, yet its true incidence, temporal profile, and determinants remain poorly defined.

    Dysuria after endoscopic laser enucleation of the prostate: how common, how long, and which patients are at risk? A prospective cohort analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • This study has several limitations. First, eQTL data were derived from whole-blood samples rather than prostate tissue, which may not fully capture regulatory mechanisms in prostatic epithelial or stromal compartments. Second, both discovery and validation GWAS datasets were restricted to individuals of European ancestry, limiting generalizability to other populations. Third, despite supportive colocalization results for the five key genes, residual bias from horizontal pleiotropy or linkage disequilibrium cannot be fully excluded. Fourth, functional interpretations of C2, GUCY1B2, OLFM4, ITPR1, and KLHL36 were based primarily on bioinformatic inference and require experimental validation in relevant BPH models. Finally, the relatively small sample size of the GEO dataset may limit statistical power in exploratory transcriptomic analyses.

    EQTL Mendelian randomization to identify genetic insights and regulatory mechanisms in benign prostatic hyperplasia · 2026 · DOI

  • In benign pros- tatic hyperplasia (BPH), these priorities are not clearly defined and it remains unclear how well current publications align with them. These findings can potentially change current patterns of practice and need to be further validated with prospective studies.

    Poster Session 9: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper discusses cigarette smoke-induced ROS formation (Reference 21) in the context of oxidative stress diseases but does not examine whether tobacco smoke exposure specifically accelerates BPH progression or exacerbates lower urinary tract symptoms through enhanced prostatic ROS generation and inflammation. Longitudinal studies in smoking versus non-smoking BPH cohorts with prostate-specific oxidative stress biomarkers are needed.

    Redox Biology of Prostatic Enlargement: The Role of Antioxidants in BPH Progression and Therapy · 2026 · DOI

  • The role of adipose tissue in prostate oxidative stress and BPH progression (Reference 28) is mentioned but not mechanistically explored. Specific investigation of adipokine-mediated ROS production (leptin/adiponectin signaling), infiltration of lipid-laden macrophages, and paracrine effects on prostate stromal cells requires animal models with quantified periprostatic and systemic lipid oxidation products.

    Redox Biology of Prostatic Enlargement: The Role of Antioxidants in BPH Progression and Therapy · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper references oxidative stress-induced cellular senescence in prostate aging (Reference 25-26) but does not provide data on senescent cell burden in BPH tissue or the contribution of p16/p21-mediated senescence to prostate stromal fibrosis. Comparative quantification of senescent cells (p16+ and SA-β-gal+) in benign hyperplastic versus normal prostate tissue with correlative ROS measurements is missing.

    Redox Biology of Prostatic Enlargement: The Role of Antioxidants in BPH Progression and Therapy · 2026 · DOI

  • Although the paper establishes links between metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and prostate pathology (Reference 18-19), it does not specifically investigate how hyperglycemia-induced ROS generation in prostate tissue contributes to stromal remodeling and smooth muscle proliferation in BPH. Mechanistic studies examining the PKC-NADPH oxidase axis in diabetic BPH models are absent.

    Redox Biology of Prostatic Enlargement: The Role of Antioxidants in BPH Progression and Therapy · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper discusses antioxidant phytochemicals in BPH treatment (Reference 14) and combined plant extract effects on prostate biomarkers (Reference 7), but lacks head-to-head comparative studies of specific antioxidant compounds (e.g., vitamin E, selenium, polyphenols) at defined doses in BPH animal models with standardized prostate volume measurements and oxidative stress markers (8-OHdG, protein carbonyl, lipid peroxides).

    Redox Biology of Prostatic Enlargement: The Role of Antioxidants in BPH Progression and Therapy · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper references fibroblast-mediated BPH progression through colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor signaling (Reference 29) but does not characterize the specific redox-dependent mechanisms by which fibroblasts promote epithelial cell proliferation in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Direct investigation of ROS production in prostate fibroblasts and their paracrine effects on epithelial cells under oxidative stress conditions is needed.

    Redox Biology of Prostatic Enlargement: The Role of Antioxidants in BPH Progression and Therapy · 2026 · DOI

  • The participants’ data collected during this study will be kept confidential. Study staff will have access to the data as well as the participants’ medical records as they pertain to this study. Published results will not contain any information that would identify indi- vidual participants. To date, only oral supplementation with antioxidant agents has been proven to slow the progression of dry AMD (26). Recently, the FDA has approved new drugs, the complement inhibitors Avacincaptad Pegol and Pegcetacoplan, for the late stage of dry AMD, but they have not received the approval from FIGURE 2 Mirabegron efficacy in the bladder and the retina. In OAB, β3-AR coupling to Gs not only leads to the relaxation of the detrusor muscle through increased levels of cAMP but also acts presynaptically at the level of the parasympathetic nerve terminals to regulate Ach release. Ach coupling to M3-R, through Gq, leads to detrusor muscle contraction by activating PLC that in turn generates IP3 by which Ca++ is released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In AMD, potential mechanisms mediating reduced vessel proliferation limiting angiogenesis progression include β3-AR activation by NE released after hypoxia-induced overactivation of the sympathetic system. β3-AR coupling to Gi leads to increased NO production that, in turn, prevents HIF-1 dimerization by activating prolyl hydroxilases finally leading to reduced retinal vessel proliferation. AC, adenylyl cyclase; Ach, acetylcholine; AMD, age- related macular degeneration; cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate; Gq, phospholipase C-stimulating G protein; Gs, adenylate cyclase-stimulating G protein; HIF-1, hypoxia-inducible factor 1; IP3, inositol trisphosphate; M3-R, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3; NE, norepinephrine; NO, nitric oxide; OAB, overactive bladder; PLC, phospholipase C; β3-AR, β3 adrenoceptor.

    Mirabegron in patients with age-related macular degeneration treated for overactive bladder: a study protocol for a prospective observational non-randomized trial · 2026 · DOI

  • The objective of our study is to address the current gap in research regarding the effects of radiotherapy on tissues surrounding the artificial urethral sphincter, particularly when the artificial urethral sphincter (AUS) is implanted before, rather than after, radiotherapy.

    Optimizing functional outcomes in prostate cancer: a new perspective on early artificial urinary sphincter implantation before salvage radiotherapy in prostate cancer treatment · 2024 · DOI

  • The paper recommends evaluating symptoms and quality of life impacts through validated tools like IPSS in each medical consultation, but does not specify implementation strategies or measure their effectiveness.

    Association between Quality of Life and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Tijuana, Mexico · 2022 · DOI

  • Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of regular IPSS screening during medical consultations and establish optimal follow-up protocols to prevent progression to moderate and severe symptoms.

    Association between Quality of Life and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Tijuana, Mexico · 2022 · DOI

  • There were some disparities in distribution of other treatment options between LUTS and OAB persons, but, disappointingly, non-invasive and low-cost management strategies were rarely reported as being used.

    Treatment patterns for lower urinary tract symptoms and overactive bladder in an Eastern European country: a nationwide population-representative survey · 2021 · DOI

  • Although strong objective evidence of improvement in OAB symptoms is lacking, these subjective improvements, combined with increasing use and acceptance of hypnotherapy in obstetric and gynecological settings, suggest the utility of hypnotherapy as a psychological adjunctive procedure in the treatment of OAB.

    A Review of Hypnotherapy for Overactive Bladder · 2019 · DOI

  • Consistent with the World Health Organization's definition of health, PLUS concluded that absence of LUTS was insufficient and emphasizes the bladder's ability to adapt to short-term physical, psychosocial, and environmental challenges for the final definition.

    A Novel Research Definition of Bladder Health in Women and Girls: Implications for Research and Public Health Promotion · 2018 · DOI

  • Urine continence (UC) and erectile function (EF) after the RPE were described in the focus of the method of their fixation and evaluation, followed by analysis of the obtained data, this approach is due to the problem of the lack of standardization of these states.

    Analysis of the use of integral combinations of efficacy radical prostatectomy and the evaluation of a new method for the formation of vesico-urethral anastomosis in endoscopic radical prostatectomy in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer · 2017 · DOI

  • Medicare's average annual cost for OAB services was $298 (in 1995 dollars), however, costs varied widely depending on the bundle of services received.

    Medical Care of Overactive Bladder in Elderly Patients · 2003 · DOI

  • Conventional grading systems of bladder trabecula- tion were limited by their approximate assessment without es- tablished criteria, potentially yielding divergent subjective re- sults at borderline values depending on urologists performing cystourethroscopy.

    Effect of Urodynamic Bladder Outlet Obstruction on Bladder Trabeculation Grade in Patients With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Retrospective Patient Cohort Study · 2026 · DOI

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56 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 618 Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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