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Open research questions in Asian Studies and History

58 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 3,832 Asian Studies and History papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • IKM Sultra–Kendari, participation leaders in These preservation strategies demonstrate that culture is not understood as a static entity but rather as a dynamic social practice that is continuously reproduced and adapted to changing contexts.

    From KKMB to IKM Southeast Sulawesi: The Organizational History of the Minangkabau Migrant Community in Kendari (1980–2024) · 2026 · DOI

  • The practical implications of this study include the development of history curricula, archival management policies, and innovations in historical research methodology, while also opening opportunities for further studies on the use of digital humanities and artificial intelligence in the development of Indonesian historiography.

    Identifikasi dan Analisis Isu-Isu Kritis dalam Historiografi Indonesia Kontemporer: Studi Empiris terhadap Perspektif Akademisi Sejarah · 2026 · DOI

  • Further research is needed to test the applicability of this concept in other regions of the archipelago, such as Sumatra, Kalimantan, and  1412 The Legacy of Demak Sultanate’s Da’wah in the Discourse of Islam Nusantara: Separation or Cultural Acculturation? ) (Syahira, et al.

    The Legacy of Demak Sultanate’s Da’wah in the Discourse of Islam Nusantara: Separation or Cultural Acculturation? · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper argues that traditional electoral observation and institutional development approaches prove insufficient against sophisticated adaptive dynastic strategies but does not operationalize or test alternative democracy support methodologies. Research should design and evaluate pre-emptive institutionalization strategies, anti-democratic member filtering mechanisms in political parties, and institutional manipulation detection frameworks specifically calibrated to dynastic political engineering.

    Democratic decay by design: how political dynasties rewrite the rules of power in Indonesia? · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper documents that media literacy programs addressing algorithmic manipulation and coordinated inauthentic behavior are crucial but does not specify which demographic segments in Indonesia are most vulnerable to specific types of digital influence operations, nor does it provide evidence of existing media literacy intervention effectiveness. Research should conduct audience segmentation analysis and pilot test media literacy program designs specifically targeting algorithmic manipulation awareness in Indonesian contexts.

    Democratic decay by design: how political dynasties rewrite the rules of power in Indonesia? · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies regional cooperation mechanisms for addressing cross-border digital manipulation as necessary but provides no framework for detecting transnational coordination capabilities or systematic information coordination between dynasties across Southeast Asian states. Research should develop methodologies to identify coordinated digital operations across borders, establish baseline data on transnational dynastic information networks, and propose technical standards for regional monitoring systems.

    Democratic decay by design: how political dynasties rewrite the rules of power in Indonesia? · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper emphasizes that conflict-of-interest provisions and judicial recusal mechanisms are critical safeguards against dynastic manipulation but provides no empirical evaluation of existing conflict-of-interest enforcement capacity in Indonesian courts. Future research should assess implementation gaps in current conflict-of-interest provisions, document rates of judicial recusal in politically-sensitive cases involving ruling families, and test effectiveness of proposed constitutional interpretation strengthening mechanisms.

    Democratic decay by design: how political dynasties rewrite the rules of power in Indonesia? · 2026 · DOI

  • The comparative analysis across Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia identifies four mechanisms of adaptive dynastic politics but lacks rigorous causal mechanism testing beyond Indonesia's Chief Justice dismissal case. Research should conduct process-tracing analysis of specific constitutional interpretation decisions, coalition-building events, and institutional engineering episodes to isolate causal pathways distinguishing Indonesian sophistication from regional counterparts.

    Democratic decay by design: how political dynasties rewrite the rules of power in Indonesia? · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper documents digital-era adaptation patterns in Indonesian dynastic politics, including government 'buzzer' coordination and algorithmic manipulation, but provides no dataset of coordinated inauthentic behavior or systematic analysis of social media platform amplification mechanisms. Research should develop datasets tracking coordinated digital operations across multiple election cycles with detection methodologies for algorithmic manipulation specific to Southeast Asian platforms and languages.

    Democratic decay by design: how political dynasties rewrite the rules of power in Indonesia? · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies selective institutional strengthening as a mechanism of democratic decay in political dynasties but lacks comparative quantitative analysis of which specific institutions are strengthened versus weakened across Indonesia's regions and governance levels. Future research should systematically measure institutional capacity changes (judicial, legislative, electoral commission) at provincial and local levels to establish causal patterns in dynastic institutional manipulation.

    Democratic decay by design: how political dynasties rewrite the rules of power in Indonesia? · 2026 · DOI

  • Utilising an ethnomathematics approach can improve students' mathematical literacy in Indonesia by using more comprehensive research methods (quantitative, mix-method, R&D) and focusing on examining the cultural richness of the Javanese tribes in Central Java, East Java, and DIY, which are still underresearched and through traditional cultural products.

    Systematic literature review: Ethnomathematics research in Indonesia · 2025 · DOI

  • Abstract Studies on welfare state regimes have been dominated by consideration of rich OECD/European and increasingly East Asian countries/territories, leaving South Asian cases such as Indonesia underexplored.

    Bringing Indonesia into the global welfare regime debate: A literature review and future research agenda · 2022 · DOI

  • But how do theatrical activities connect to other social forces and with the structures of the regional autonomy system? Is there any sense of future direction in the current vibrant celebration of local identity? In what ways does theatre in other regions reflect local social conditions? These important questions remain to be explored.

    Indonesian Theatre Ten Years after Reformasi · 2018 · DOI

  • It demonstrates how a central government-derived fatwa (religious legal opinion) banning Shi’ism and the propagation of Shia teachings in the country since 1996 has been used to justify a range of human rights violations, not limited to the religious freedom of this minority group.

    State-backed discrimination against Shia Muslims in Malaysia · 2017 · DOI

  • How exactly did the ethno-religious boundary influence the election? By analysing the results of the election in relation to ethnicities and religions using the 2000 National Census, the author reveals an ethnopolitical map of Jakarta, for political analysis a potentially important but still under-researched area.

    The Role of Religion and Ethnicity in Jakarta's 2012 Gubernatorial Election · 2014 · DOI

  • While ideas and definitions of women's empowerment vary widely and attempts to empower women do not always bring about the desired effects of transforming disempowering structures, this article will attempt to show why certain modes of empowerment lead to structural transformations while others are less promising for women.

    Women versus the State: Organizing Resistance and Contesting Exploitation in Indonesian Labor Migration to Hong Kong · 2009 · DOI

  • It was also the first time that the discourse of the opposition front had shifted to a religio-political register--with the debate on the issue and the implementation of shariah law being high on the list of priorities--whereas opposition politics prior to 1999 was marked by a lack of consensus and a variety of positions (minority rights, the national language issue) taken up by the respective parties outside the ruling coalition.

    Blood, Sweat and Jihad: The Radicalization of the Political Discourse of the Pan‑Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) from 1982 Onwards · 2003 · DOI

  • And yet in recent times the Petalangan and many other small-scale soci eties in Riau have found that their long-standing assumptions about territ orial tenure are insufficient to protect them against land loss resulting from the intervention of outside powers that include government as well as private and international business interests.

    Cultural survival, identity and the performing arts of Kampar's suku Petalangan · 1997 · DOI

  • This view is corroborated by the existence of a large and insufficiently studied substratum of non-Austronesian lan guages in this region which can in some cases be related to Papuan languages (Capell 1975: 698-711; Chlenov 1978).

    Cultural vocabulary as an indicator of interethnic relations: Eastern Indonesian evidence · 1980 · DOI

  • The galaxy of non-indigenous elements confronting the student of Indonesian cultural history has often obscured the fact that, in order to elucidate a valid picture of their role and significance, these elements need to be studied in their own terms, in relation to their own environment and at specific synchronic levels, such levels being but points on the continuum of the historical process.

    The Role of Structural Organisation and Myth in Javanese Historiography · 1964 · DOI

  • various groups and communities on key events, developments or affecting issues Indonesia. in and major changes and aspects of life in various historical and contemporary communities Indonesia.

    Education for Citizenship: Rethinking Social Studies in the Context of Indonesian National Insight · 2026 · DOI

  • This could potentially create a gap in understanding between policy makers and the public, which ultimately affects the effective ness of implementing environmental policies in an inclusive and fair manner.

    Evolution of the Grand Narrative of the Climate Crisis in the President's State of the Nation Address · 2026 · DOI

  • Although previous research has examined pesantren modernization and leadership, little is known about how relational resources and institutional values interact in everyday governance adaptation.

    Negotiating Continuity and Change: Social Capital and Value-Mediated Governance Adaptation in an Indonesian Pesantren · 2026 · DOI

  • The study is limited by a small, all-female sample from one study program at UNESA and by reliance on brief interview excerpts.

    INTERNAL MIGRATION AND THE RELATIONAL CONSTRUCTION OF MULTIFACETED IDENTITIES AMONG EAST JAVANESE STUDENTS IN EAST JAVA, INDONESIA · 2026 · DOI

  • While there is limited information about fashion or textiles in the early modern period, Indian textiles from Malacca were present in the Moluccan markets.

    Pluralistic Religious Societies and Cultural Crossroads in the Early Modern Sultanate of Tidore, Indonesia · 2026 · DOI

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58 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 3,832 Asian Studies and History papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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