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Open research questions in Cultural Competency in Health Care

312 gap statements mined from Cultural Competency in Health Care papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 3,049 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • Although future research is needed to understand the long-term effects of the intervention, the REACH app appears to be positioned to indirectly support the readiness of Service members and their families.

    From App to Impact: Helping Professionals’ Perceptions of the Effectiveness of an App-Based Military Cultural Competence Training · 2026 · DOI

  • One of the challenges identified is the habitual, non-conscious, and largely unacknowledged nature of white privilege. Another challenge is the lack of commitment to addressing white privilege in health care settings over time. The review also highlights the challenge of ensuring sustained efforts to address white privilege in health care settings.

    Interventions on Race-Based Privilege in Health Care Settings: A Scoping Review · 2026 · DOI

  • Limited understanding of the patient's perspective on racial disparities in surgical care. Lack of knowledge on the mechanisms contributing to disparities in hand surgery utilization.

    Understanding Barriers to Surgical Care: A Qualitative Study of Black Individuals With Hand Dysfunction · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in the existing literature on the delivery of culturally competent care to migrants, highlighting the need for longitudinal studies and the development of robust metrics. It also identifies a need for targeted strategies to overcome the digital divide and ensure data privacy.

    Delivering Culturally Competent Care to Migrants by Healthcare Personnel: A Crucial Aspect of Delivering Culturally Sensitive Care · 2024 · DOI

  • Recommendations for Further Research Based on the findings and limitations of this study, future research should expand its geographical scope to include all nine RCCs and their associated 74 organ transplant centers across Turkiye, ensuring a more comprehensive understanding of regional variations in cultural barriers.

    Navigating Cultural Challenges in Transplant Surgery: Insights from Turkish Surgeons · 2024 · DOI

  • What sets this study apart is its focus on nurses working in public primary care settings, including culturally diverse and migrant-rich regions—an area that remains underexplored in the literature.

    Cultural Competence and Ethics Among Nurses in Primary Healthcare: Exploring Their Interrelationship and Implications for Care Delivery · 2025 · DOI

  • In doing so, the study addresses a critical gap in the literature regarding the integrated role of cultural competence and ethical awareness in nursing care delivery.

    Cultural Competence and Ethics Among Nurses in Primary Healthcare: Exploring Their Interrelationship and Implications for Care Delivery · 2025 · DOI

  • Generalisation is limited to associations in this professional sample, and every proposed healthcare pathway requires direct testing.

    Origin-Based Social Distance Among Nurses in Croatia: Implications for Migrant-Sensitive Healthcare Delivery · 2026 · DOI

  • Comprehensive knowledge, skills development, and assessment tools in these areas are lacking in pharmacy education.

    From Awareness to Action: Increasing Health Equity by Addressing Cultural and Structural Barriers in Pharmacy Practice, Education, and Research · 2026 · DOI

  • Research projects focused on health inequities and disparities are limited by their lack of statistical power, lack of inclusiveness of diverse populations, community partners, and researchers, and lack of rigorous study designs to conclusively document and resolve these problems.

    From Awareness to Action: Increasing Health Equity by Addressing Cultural and Structural Barriers in Pharmacy Practice, Education, and Research · 2026 · DOI

  • Primary care providers (PCPs) have a responsibility to care for patients with refugee backgrounds, often treating unfamiliar diseases and addressing culturally rooted concerns for which the provider has limited knowledge.

    A Qualitative Analysis of the Experiences, Attitudes, Preparation, and Barriers of Primary Care Providers Related to Their Care for Patients With Refugee Backgrounds · 2026 · DOI

  • It is important to note the limited evidence supporting the effectiveness of the identified practices.

    Anti-Racist Practices in Health Care Organizations—A Qualitative Analysis · 2025 · DOI

  • Evidence is growing to support why a racially diverse midwifery workforce is needed; however, very few studies have examined how this should occur.

    Understanding Perspectives of Midwifery Education from Black and Indigenous Community Stakeholders: “We're Working in a System That Was Not Intended for Us” · 2025 · DOI

  • Despite increased attention to disparities in perinatal outcomes, including stillbirth, very little is known about the way conversations about stillbirth prevention are occurring within pregnancy care.

    Conversations about stillbirth prevention during pregnancy care from the perspectives of recent parents of refugee and migrant backgrounds, health professionals, and interpreters: A qualitative study · 2025 · DOI

  • However, there is a lack of consensus on the best way to develop students' cultural competence.

    Nursing Students' Enhanced Cultural Competence After Study Abroad: A Mixed-Methods Study · 2025 · DOI

  • The outcome of HCD activities is also specific to a given problem at a given institution at a given time and may or may not be generalizable; however, generally, HCD tools, such as stakeholder and journey mapping or idea-generating and idea-selecting activities, have the potential to solve complex challenges, including how we might provide racially equitable patient care.

    Using Human-Centered Design Tools to Improve Health Justice · 2024 · DOI

  • The Center engages Tulane University faculty, students, and global partners to lead innovative research initiatives that examine health equity in Latin America and the Caribbean, provide visibility for the region’s under-recognized health inequities, and inform policies to address the needs of the region’s underserved populations.

    The pervasiveness of racism in healthcare facilities in Latin America: a scoping review · 2026 · DOI

  • If one of your friends is planning to move here next year, what advice would you wish to give him/her?

    Surviving the glocal ecosystem: Academic dissonance, cultural adaptation, and coping among international medical students in the Caribbean · 2026 · DOI

  • Health equity content was identified in many of the 197 course documents; however, the amount of content varied widely, and important areas to be strengthened were identified.

    Health Equity in Undergraduate Prelicensure Nursing Education: Curricular Document Analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • Although evidence supports short-term study abroad, few studies have used a mixed-methods theory-driven design.

    Nursing Students' Enhanced Cultural Competence After Study Abroad: A Mixed-Methods Study · 2025 · DOI

  • This study draws on interviews with a diverse group of SRH professionals, including physicians, midwives, nurses, and social workers, which enabled a multifaceted analysis of care practices in multicultural settings.

    Challenges and strategies in the multicultural sexual and reproductive healthcare encounter - a qualitative study on the perspectives of health professionals · 2026 · DOI

  • The search was limited to English-language work, - The study was based on a scoping review of existing literature, - The study did not include non-intervention-based literature, - The study excluded clinical case studies and opinion-based…

    Interventions on Race-Based Privilege in Health Care Settings: A Scoping Review · 2026 · DOI

  • Inequalities in service provision for culturally diverse populations represent a common thread throughout the Australian and international mental health literature.

    Cultural Humility Training in Mental Health Service Provision: A Scoping Review of the Foundational and Conceptual Literature · 2025 · DOI

  • Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms that drive racial disparities in surgical treatment, - Research should focus on increasing screening for social determinants of health, including transportation services, - Studies should investigate strategies to address disparities in access to high-quality healthcare…

    Understanding Barriers to Surgical Care: A Qualitative Study of Black Individuals With Hand Dysfunction · 2026 · DOI

  • Postpartum care varies widely across cultures, yet research on ethnic minorities, especially Asian American Pacific Islanders subgroups, often masks meaningful differences among ethnic subpopulations.

    Perceptions of Traditional Postpartum Practices With Hmong Women in the United States · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Cultural Competency in Health Care

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) Although future research is needed to understand the long-term effects of the intervention, the REACH app appears to be positioned to indirectly support the readiness of Service members and their families (“From App to Impact: Helping Professionals’ Perceptions of the Effectiveness of…”, 2026); (2) Another challenge is the lack of commitment to addressing white privilege in health care settings over time (“Interventions on Race-Based Privilege in Health Care Settings: A Scoping Review”, 2026); (3) Lack of knowledge on the mechanisms contributing to disparities in hand surgery utilization (“Understanding Barriers to Surgical Care: A Qualitative Study of Black…”, 2026); (4) Comprehensive knowledge, skills development, and assessment tools in these areas are lacking in pharmacy education (“From Awareness to Action: Increasing Health Equity by Addressing Cultural and…”, 2026); (5) Evidence is growing to support why a racially diverse midwifery workforce is needed; however, very few studies have examined how this should occur (“Understanding Perspectives of Midwifery Education from Black and Indigenous…”, 2025). 312 gap statements have been mined from Cultural Competency in Health Care papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 3,049 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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