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Open research questions in Diversity and Career in Medicine

401 gap statements mined from Diversity and Career in Medicine papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 3,701 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • Although the Swedish study did not examine the same specialty-specific patterns, its findings suggest that discriminatory experiences may be relevant to students’ perceptions of their professional opportunities and that this relationship warrants further investigation.

    Gender-Based Discrimination and Its Associations with Mental Wellbeing, Self-Efficacy and Career Choice Among Medical Students in Latvia: A Cross-Sectional Study · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research across multiple disciplines, conference formats, and professional contexts is warranted to further characterize these dynamics and to characterize these dynamics across disciplines and conference formats.

    Analyzing audience participation at the 43rd workshop of the german surgical working group on endocrinology (CAEK): gender balance in academic discussion dynamics in endocrine surgery · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should address this shortcoming by adopting an intersectional framework to offer a more comprehensive perspective of within-group experiences of Black men. Future research should consider addressing these limitations by conducting large-scale studies that use a national random sample, as well as longitudinal studies that track changes in Black men’s healthcare experiences over time.

    Black Men’s Patient–Clinician Experiences: Pathways to Enhanced Healthcare Outcomes in the United States · 2025 · DOI

  • It offers valuable new insights into factors affecting the quality of life for plastic surgeons, an area that has been largely underexplored in prior research.

    Quality of Life and Working Conditions of Plastic Surgeons and Trainees: A National Survey · 2025 · DOI

  • The lack of evidence on the association between author gender and geographical affiliation and publication decisions in biomedical journals. The need to investigate whether biases in editorial decision-making exist and influence publication outcomes.

    Gender and geographical bias in the editorial decision-making process of biomedical journals: a case-control study · 2024 · DOI

  • Future research should investigate the relative importance of preference signals in overall selection decisions and whether they improve match outcomes.

    Preference signaling in dermatology: the faculty’s perspective · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should examine long-term skill retention and the translation of documentation practices into clinical environments, or should incorporate randomized controlled designs or delayed-intervention groups to better isolate intervention effects.

    When Words Shape Care: Educating First-Year Medical Students on Identifying and Replacing Bias in Electronic Health Documentation · 2026 · DOI

  • Despite overall improvements in gender equity within otolaryngology, the specific demographic trends and scholarly productivity of fellowship-trained rhinologists have not been thoroughly examined.

    Two Decades at 21%: Unchanging Gender Disparities in Rhinology Fellowships · 2025 · DOI

  • Differences In Starting Pay For Male And Female Physicians Persist; Explanations For The Gender Gap Remain Elusive.

    A 20-Year Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Gender Workforce in Medical Departments of Psychiatry/Psychotherapy and Neurology in Germany · 2026 · DOI

  • Further study of this group is necessary to staunch this immediate leakage of these highly trained professionals.

    Why Have All the Doctors Gone? Insights Into Early Clinical Departure Among Physicians in the United States: A National Survey · 2026 · DOI

  • While these efforts show signs of change and commitment, more remains to be done across spinal societies.

    Gender inequity in leadership positions in spinal societies worldwide · 2026 · DOI

  • However, diversity within musculoskeletal oncology fellowships has not been examined.

    Sex, Racial, and Ethnic Diversity of US Musculoskeletal Oncology Fellows, a 10-year Analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • As this was not designed as a comparator study, further research into differences in barriers and facilitators for Pharm.

    Understanding the Factors Influencing Black Pharm.D. Student Engagement in Research: A Multi‐Institutional Qualitative Study · 2026 · DOI

  • Compensation disparities persist in thoracic surgery, yet the dynamics of salary negotiation remain poorly understood.

    Exploring salary negotiation and disparities in thoracic surgery · 2026 · DOI

  • Despite intentional inclusivity efforts, early-career scholarships from surgical societies have not been systematically evaluated.

    Progress without parity: Gender-distribution of cardiothoracic surgical society awards · 2026 · DOI

  • Attrition remains poorly understood and is often attributed to individual limitations rather than systemic factors.

    Attrition in cardiac surgery: Structural drivers, career pathways, and implications for workforce retention · 2026 · DOI

  • In France, the extent and pace of feminisation among practicing orthopaedic surgeons, and whether progress differs between public and private practice, are not well quantified.

    Female representation among French orthopaedic surgeons: trends from 1999 to 2024 and projections toward gender parity · 2026 · DOI

  • This study summarizes trends of academic orthopaedic faculty compensation and shows salaries barely keeping pace with inflation and persistent compensation inequities, which highlights the need for fair, transparent compensation models and additional studies of factors impacting physician compensation.

    Academic Orthopaedic Surgeon Financial Compensation in the United States: Trends and Distribution · 2025 · DOI

  • Future research should explore psychological and systemic factors driving these preferences to optimize patient-centered care and healthcare delivery systems.

    Gender Preferences in Healthcare: A Study of Saudi Patients’ Physician Preferences · 2025 · DOI

  • Previous research has suggested that female surgeons achieve better outcomes in various procedures, but the underlying reasons remain unclear.

    Impact of surgeon caseload, case mix, and team composition on gender disparities in cholecystectomy outcomes · 2025 · DOI

  • The dual-degree pathway required for OMFS training is associated with prolonged training duration and financial burden. Gender discordance between surgeon and patient can negatively affect outcomes. The study identifies hierarchical structures, limited teamwork, and a traditionally male-dominated working environment as factors potentially discouraging career consideration, especially among women.

    Career orientation among medical students in Germany: perceived motivating factors and barriers to pursuing oral and maxillofacial surgery - a nationwide survey · 2026 · DOI

  • As a result, this dataset captures only a subset of the total abdominal fellowship training landscape, and the reported demographic trends may not be representative of the entire subspecialty.

    Diversity in abdominal radiology: a decade-long review of gender, racial, and ethnic representation among fellows · 2026 · DOI

  • Race and ethnicity are markedly underreported in orthopaedic research.

    Racial and Ethnic Representation Reporting in Orthopaedic Research · 2026 · DOI

  • Despite the importance of these variables in addressing healthcare disparities, race and ethnicity are often underreported in orthopaedic studies.

    Racial and Ethnic Representation Reporting in Orthopaedic Research · 2026 · DOI

  • Among these abstracts, 81 (83%) had female first authors, 16 (16%) had male first authors, and 1 could not be determined.

    Authorship asymmetry at the Women in Thoracic Surgery Inaugural Annual Conference: Gender pairings and senior status disparity · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Diversity and Career in Medicine

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) Future research across multiple disciplines, conference formats, and professional contexts is warranted to further characterize these dynamics and to characterize these dynamics across disciplines and conference formats (“Analyzing audience participation at the 43rd workshop of the german surgical…”, 2026); (2) Future research should investigate the relative importance of preference signals in overall selection decisions and whether they improve match outcomes (“Preference signaling in dermatology: the faculty’s perspective”, 2026); (3) Differences In Starting Pay For Male And Female Physicians Persist; Explanations For The Gender Gap Remain Elusive (“A 20-Year Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Gender Workforce in Medical Departments…”, 2026); (4) While these efforts show signs of change and commitment, more remains to be done across spinal societies (“Gender inequity in leadership positions in spinal societies worldwide”, 2026); (5) Diversity within musculoskeletal oncology fellowships has not been examined (“Sex, Racial, and Ethnic Diversity of US Musculoskeletal Oncology Fellows, a…”, 2026). 401 gap statements have been mined from Diversity and Career in Medicine papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 3,701 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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