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Open research questions in European and Russian Geopolitical Military Strategies

180 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 2,626 European and Russian Geopolitical Military Strategies papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • The paper identifies a gap in the literature on Russia's war against Ukraine, where values are often implicit in research and policy analysis. It argues that policymakers are more likely to embrace research findings that affirm their preexisting political commitments, rather than those that contradict them.

    Introduction: Russia's War Against Ukraine · 2024 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in understanding the domestic origins of Russia's attack on Ukraine. The author notes that prior work has not fully accounted for the domestic sources of the invasion.

    Russia’s Gamble: The Domestic Origins of Russia’s Attack on Ukraine. By Vladimir Gel’man. Cambridge, UK: Polity, 2025. 220p. · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in the understanding of the Ukrainian drone economy and its development during the Russian invasion. The paper highlights the need for further research on the importance of adaptability and innovation in the defense industry.

    Drohnisierung ohne Militarisierung: Die Kriegswirtschaft der Ukraine und Lehren für Europa · 2026 · DOI

  • The need for a new global security architecture beyond a simple ceasefire line. The lack of understanding of the dual role of the United States and China’s strategy of constructive ambiguity.

    Five Years of Full-Scale War in Ukraine: New Realities and Chances for Peace · 2026 · DOI

  • The study suggests that future research should continue to explore the psychological dimension of geopolitics. It highlights the importance of interdisciplinary approaches to understanding geopolitical power.

    Cognitive Dimensions of Geopolitics: Mass Psychology, Propaganda, and Information Wars (From “Territory” to “Perception”) · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the existing literature on geopolitics, which has traditionally focused on material factors. It argues that the psychological dimension is a critical aspect of contemporary geopolitics that has been overlooked.

    Cognitive Dimensions of Geopolitics: Mass Psychology, Propaganda, and Information Wars (From “Territory” to “Perception”) · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of attention to the changing nature of war in the study of international order. The need for a new conceptualization of war in international systems. The gap in understanding the implications of the disordering of the 'liberal' international order for the nature of war.

    Can the great powers reorder war? The Dice of Mars and disordering of the ‘liberal’ war regime · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in understanding the impact of authoritarian regimes on academic freedom and institutional autonomy. The research highlights the need for more studies on the adaptation and survival strategies of scientists under authoritarian conditions.

    Anpassungsstrategien russischer WissenschaftlerInnen unter den Bedingungen des modernen Autoritarismus: Dynamik 2022–2024 · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in the understanding of the Russo-Ukrainian War through the lens of conceptual models. The author highlights the need for a nuanced analysis of the conflict.

    Two dimensions of the Russo-Ukrainian war · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should focus on the long-term consequences of the war on social mobility and labor market development. The impact of the war on other social structures, such as education and healthcare, should also be explored.

    Between stability and uncertainty: The proletariat, the precariat, and the new reality of Ukraine · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in the understanding of the impact of war on social structures and class categories. The author argues that the Russian-Ukrainian war requires a new perspective on the categories of proletariat and precariat.

    Between stability and uncertainty: The proletariat, the precariat, and the new reality of Ukraine · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in understanding the role of civilizational orientation in shaping sociocultural divisions. The study highlights the need for further research on the impact of the Russo-Ukrainian war on Ukrainian society. The paper notes that the concept of national resilience is not well-established in the discourse of social and behavioral sciences.

    Sociocultural factors of national (in)stability of Ukrainian society in wartime · 2026 · DOI

  • Th us, we plan to conduct further research of the given subject area in directions suggested by dynamics of language, geopolitical, and civilization preferences of the citizens of Ukraine, in order to fi nd out which of these preferences can be unstable and fi ckle, and which are established and systemically rooted.

    Sociocultural factors of national (in)stability of Ukrainian society in wartime · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in the literature on the role of sociology in supporting collective resilience during wartime. The study highlights the need for further research on the experiences of Ukrainian sociologists and their responses to war, repression, and mass violence. The research argues that the study of sociology in wartime Ukraine has significant implications for understanding the global confrontation between democratic and authoritarian models of social order.

    The roles of sociology in wartime Ukraine and its contribu-tions to global sociology · 2026 · DOI

  • It is important to continue long-term monitoring of changes in value orientations and national identity among Ukrainians, particularly after the active phase of the war, to assess the durability of these transformations.

    The civilizational significance of Ukrainian national resilience in the context of the Russo-Ukrainian war · 2026 · DOI

  • Traditional concepts of national resilience often focus on material and institutional aspects, neglecting spiritual and civilizational dimensions. There is a need to understand the role of national identity and civilizational choice in resistance against aggression. The global civilizational significance of Ukrainian resilience has not been fully explored.

    The civilizational significance of Ukrainian national resilience in the context of the Russo-Ukrainian war · 2026 · DOI

  • Geographical and cultural remoteness. Lack of historical continuity in the development of relations. Long-term neglect by Ukrainian governments of the development of relations with the states of the continent.

    Factors Influencing Relations Between Ukraine and African States, 2022–2025 · 2026 · DOI

  • The study does not address the economic consequences of the Russian-Ukrainian war for African states in detail. The study does not provide a comprehensive analysis of the historical context of Ukraine's relations with African states.

    Factors Influencing Relations Between Ukraine and African States, 2022–2025 · 2026 · DOI

  • Inconsistencies and contradictions in U.S. narrative signalling. The growing salience of nuclear deterrence in U.S. rhetoric. The need for coherent, stable, and clear U.S. strategic storytelling.

    The Evolution of United States Security and Nuclear Deterrence Narratives Regarding the Baltic States (2010–2020) · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in understanding how U.S. strategic narratives shape Baltic security perceptions. The research highlights the need for a systematic and theoretically informed assessment of U.S. narrative signalling and its impact on alliance credibility.

    The Evolution of United States Security and Nuclear Deterrence Narratives Regarding the Baltic States (2010–2020) · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in the understanding of the Russian Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church's doctrines on peace and war - The paper notes that the two churches have different approaches to achieving peace

    PEACE AND WAR: THE POSITION OF THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCHAND THE CATHOLIC CHURCH · 2026 · DOI

  • Further research could analyze the application of the pope's principles to other conflict situations. Further research could investigate the reception of the pope's principles among different audiences.

    The Role of Time in Conflict Resolution in the Thought of Pope Francis · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in understanding the role of external factors in the Ukrainian crisis. The research aims to fill this gap by employing historical analysis, the comparative method, and geopolitical theory.

    THE UKRAINIAN STATE UNDER PRESSURE: A CLASH OF INTERESTS BETWEEN THE WEST AND RUSSIA · 2026 · DOI

  • Great-power competition - Non-traditional security challenges, including energy and migration security - The need for multilateral cooperation and peaceful conflict resolution

    Reshaping European Security: Multidimensional Implications of the Russia–Ukraine Conflict · 2026 · DOI

  • Further research on the implications of the Russia-Ukraine conflict for European security - Examination of the role of other regional and global actors in shaping European security - Analysis of the long-term consequences of the conflict for European governance and international power dynamics

    Reshaping European Security: Multidimensional Implications of the Russia–Ukraine Conflict · 2026 · DOI

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180 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 2,626 European and Russian Geopolitical Military Strategies papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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