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Open research questions in European and Russian Geopolitical Military Strategies

31 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 2,537 European and Russian Geopolitical Military Strategies papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • Th us, we plan to conduct further research of the given subject area in directions suggested by dynamics of language, geopolitical, and civilization preferences of the citizens of Ukraine, in order to fi nd out which of these preferences can be unstable and fi ckle, and which are established and systemically rooted.

    Sociocultural factors of national (in)stability of Ukrainian society in wartime · 2026 · DOI

  • The article therefore proceeds to map the debate about EU reform, the ongoing stalemate and the open questions concerning the future of Europe in order to illustrate fully the impact of the war in Ukraine on the enlargement project.

    The Impact of the War in Ukraine on the Enlargement of the European Union: ‘Securing the Blessings of Liberty’ and its Challenges · 2025 · DOI

  • Abstract The potential weaponization of Slavdom is a poorly researched topic in the literature on hybrid warfare, despite the Slavic dimension of NATO after several rounds of enlargement.

    Putin’s Dilemma: Russia and the Slavic Dimension of NATO Enlargement · 2024 · DOI

  • However, declarations such as that by the High Representative and Vice President of the European Commission (HRVP) around the ‘birth of geopolitical Europe’ appear to be somewhat premature, as there is limited evidence at this stage that the EU is willing to provide leadership on the geospatial (re)ordering of the region.

    Geopolitical EU? The EU's Wartime Assistance to Ukraine · 2024 · DOI

  • It is an agency accused of many things, but little is known about all the creative work involved in financing, governing, training, and motivating RT’s activities.

    “Anything that Causes Chaos”: The Organizational Behavior of Russia Today (RT) · 2020 · DOI

  • ” Moving beyond approaches that view the Soviet and Russian World War II cult as a triumphalist narrative of the Great Victory over fascism, I conclude that its threat component is an understudied element.

    “Orange Plague”: World War II and the Symbolic Politics of Pro-state Mobilization in Putin’s Russia · 2019 · DOI

  • „Lawfare (legal warfare) is a pivotal element of Russia’s hybrid toolbox that has remained under-studied by the analytical community Given Lawfare’s central role in Russia’s comprehensive strategy, NATO must develop a deeper understanding of this Russian hybrid warfare domain, and design a unified strategy to counter this major challenge to the European security architecture.

    Russian Lawfare – Russia’s Weaponisation Of International And Domestic Law: Implications For The Region And Policy Recommendations · 2018 · DOI

  • Vinko Vegič in his article The role of armed forces in Europe: from territorial defence to various security tasks establishes that two of the most important changes in the role of the armed forces include the need for a defence of the territory, and the appearance of some relatively differing and often poorly defined tasks.

    A YEAR OF IMPORTANT ANNIVERSARIES · 2014 · DOI

  • THE RUSSO-CHECHEN CONFLICTIn 1991, Chechnya unilaterally declared independence from Russia, breaching statute of Soviet Constitution that prohibited changing Soviet territory without agreement of Soviet Union itself.

    Russian "Chechenization" and the Prospects for a Lasting Peace in Chechnya · 2013

  • The second attack by No 5 Bomber Group on Konigsberg, the capital of East Prussia, on the night of 29-30 August 1944 remains a little known episode in the bombing campaign against Germany.

    A Most Distant Target: The Bombing of Königsberg, August 1944 · 2006 · DOI

  • The reaction of Britain and France to the threat of German expansion was appeasement until March 1939, when, with Hitler’s occupation of Bohemia and Moravia, it became clear that the Führer’s aims were not limited to the German-inhabited areas.

    Hungary and the “Third Europe” in 1938 · 1973 · DOI

  • However, such engagement is delicate, and the exact conditions that make such commitment possible and effective in ‘classic’ interstate war settings remain unclear.

    Track Two Dialogue in Times of War – Unsuitable or Advancing Peace for Ukraine? · 2025 · DOI

  • Berlin has yet to formulate a convincing geopolitical leadership role in Europe, and it remains to be seen if the new defence minister, Boris Pistorius, will succeed in giving shape to much-needed Bundeswehr reform and resolve major readiness and procurement challenges.

    <i>Zeitenwende</i> One Year On · 2023 · DOI

  • This démarche to the Russian delegation will necessarily affect the further work of other Antarctic-related administrative and advisory bodies within the Antarctic Treaty System.

    Russian aggression against Ukraine: a new challenge facing Antarctic governance · 2022 · DOI

  • This article will address the shortcomings of the existing literature by emphasising the importance of this understudied incident within the broader trend of international history in the late-nineteenth century.

    Anglo-Russian War-Scare and British Occupation of Kŏmundo, 1885–7: The Initial Phase of Globalisation of International Affairs Between Great Powers · 2019 · DOI

  • So far, research on transatlantic relations rarely investigated the discourses of NATO Secretaries General.

    “Guardian of the international order”? NATO’s contested identity, the discourses of Secretaries General, and the Ukraine crisis · 2018 · DOI

  • However, the article concludes that such an interim status in between “alliance” and “sitting of the fence” (or preserving an autonomy) is lacking clear argumentation and remains very dependent on external influences, first of all – on the dynamics of relations between the West and Russia.

    THE CHANGES OF GEORGIA’S SECURITY POLITICS AFTER 2012 AND THE SHIFTING SECURITY IDENTITY · 2017

  • Based on interviews, the article will argue that the mobilization of Ukrainian volunteer fighters has a strong cognitive-normative-emotional dimension that cannot be ignored and should be further explored.

    Ukrainian volunteer fighters in the eastern front: ideas, political-social norms and emotions as mobilization mechanisms · 2016 · DOI

  • The contacts of the populations of "befriended" countries were scarce, and the numbers of persons crossing the state borders -with definite exceptions -were limited.

    Changes of Functions of Polish State Borders and the Development of Cross-Border Co-Operation After 1989 · 2002 · DOI

  • One word of caution concerns the democratic developments in Russia — while generally promising, this fundamental parameter remains to be settled permanently.

    Towards a Stable Peace in the Baltic Sea Region? · 2000 · DOI

  • It is also inscribed negatively in all that is lacking: the regime's domestic impasse, the demise of Communist ideology, the collapse of every Party project.

    The Crisis of Western Societies · 1982 · DOI

  • It is not surprising to find contemporary political observers, working from severely limited information, guess work and prejudice, getting things wrong.

    The British Decision for Alliance with Russia, May 1939 · 1974 · DOI

  • Whether the result will be some form of association or special agree- ment is of course an open question, but the problems of these countries would in many respects be rather similar to those of the West European non-member states.

    Neutrality and the Common Market: the Soviet View · 1971 · DOI

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31 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 2,537 European and Russian Geopolitical Military Strategies papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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