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Open research questions in Geography Education and Pedagogy

285 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 3,519 Geography Education and Pedagogy papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • The paper identifies gaps in the representation of NOS in Chinese senior secondary geography textbooks. The social-institutional domain of NOS is less consistently represented. The relationships among geographical knowledge, evidence, methods, values, institutions, and sustainability-oriented decision-making are not fully addressed.

    The nature of science in Chinese senior secondary geography textbooks under the context of sustainable development: Identifying the gaps and seeking reform · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research could examine how teachers use these materials, which NOS elements they make more explicit or leave unaddressed, and how students interpret the resulting instruction.

    The nature of science in Chinese senior secondary geography textbooks under the context of sustainable development: Identifying the gaps and seeking reform · 2026 · DOI

  • The challenge of conveying accurate science to public viewers is a significant gap in contemporary geoscience. The need for scientists to engage with public audiences and provide authentic demonstrations of scientific methods is a gap in current science communication practices.

    The 2024 Collectors Tour: A Case Study in Field-Based Geoscience Communication · 2026 · DOI

  • Further studies should investigate the effectiveness of curriculum modernization and strengthened career awareness initiatives in revitalizing Geography education. Research should explore the impact of industry-university collaborations on students' career prospects. Studies should examine the role of Geography education in promoting sustainable development and environmental management.

    Help, my Geography is dying: Understanding and reversing the decline of Geography education in public universities in Nigeria · 2026 · DOI

  • The media pembelajaran GeoRAJA is still in the development stage and has not been validated or tested. The media is limited to the use of citra satelit from Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8.

    GeoRAJA: Desain dan Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Geografi Materi Penginderaan Jauh Berbasis Web Interaktif untuk SMA · 2026 · DOI

  • The current learning media for remote sensing in SMA is limited and not interactive. There is a need for a web-based interactive learning media to improve students' understanding and interest in remote sensing technology.

    GeoRAJA: Desain dan Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Geografi Materi Penginderaan Jauh Berbasis Web Interaktif untuk SMA · 2026 · DOI

  • The risk of perpetuating existing socio-spatial inequalities through AI-enhanced WIL. The need for critical AI literacy and community-partnered projects. The challenge of designing AI-enhanced WIL models that are inclusive and equitable.

    Bridging the Digital Divide: Equitable Access to AI-Enhanced Geographical Work Integrated Learning in Marginalised Landscapes · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of consideration for the socio-spatial context in which AI-enhanced WIL is implemented. The need for a framework for inclusive AI-enhanced geographical WIL. The potential for AI-enhanced WIL to perpetuate existing inequalities if not designed with equity in mind.

    Bridging the Digital Divide: Equitable Access to AI-Enhanced Geographical Work Integrated Learning in Marginalised Landscapes · 2026 · DOI

  • The development of spatial thinking competence among students remains suboptimal. Many geography learning practices still emphasize memorization rather than conceptual understanding.

    Developing Spatial Thinking Competence and Sustainability Awareness through Geography Learning: A Systematic Literature Review · 2026 · DOI

  • There have been relatively few studies on spatial differentiation of the level of knowledge and skills in geography. The study identifies a gap in the literature on the spatial differentiation of iGeo results. The study highlights the need for a broad-based approach to geographical education to account for the diverse factors contributing to spatial differences in student performance.

    Spatial differentiation of the results of the International Geography Olympiad · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of teachers-specialists in GIS. The limited number of hours allocated to GIS study.

    IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF GEOGRAPHY TEACHING IN GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS BY MEANS OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should investigate the factors contributing to the non-linear growth in research on geometric thinking. Future research should explore the application of geometric thinking in different fields and contexts. Future research should develop new methods and instruments for assessing geometric thinking skills.

    A systematic review of research on geometric thinking: Publication trends and methodological profiles (2018–2024) · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of long-term stability in publication growth on geometric thinking. There is a need for methodological diversification and broader participant inclusion in geometric thinking research. The study highlights the importance of integrating geometry into every stage of basic education.

    A systematic review of research on geometric thinking: Publication trends and methodological profiles (2018–2024) · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need for further research on the integration of GIS into space science education. The paper identifies a gap in the understanding of the application of GIS tools in various educational settings.

    Geographic Information Systems for Space Science Education: A Review · 2026 · DOI

  • The study has a small sample size of five gifted sixth-grade students. The study is limited to a single space camp location. The study does not disclose all of the activities in which the students participated due to legal restrictions.

    Determining the Space Camp Experiences of Gifted Girl Students · 2026 · DOI

  • Future studies can investigate the long-term impact of space camps on the career orientation of gifted students. Future studies can examine the effectiveness of space camps in supporting the development of science skills in gifted students. Future studies can explore the use of space camps as a tool for fostering creativity and supporting cognitive and emotional development in gifted students.

    Determining the Space Camp Experiences of Gifted Girl Students · 2026 · DOI

  • The persistence of underperformance in geomorphology among secondary school students in Kenya. The limitations of traditional instructional approaches in enhancing student learning outcomes. The need for cost-effective alternatives to physical field trips.

    Correlation Between Teachers’ Frequency of Virtual Field Trips Use and Student Achievement in Geomorphology in Secondary Schools in Murang'a East Sub-County · 2026 · DOI

  • academic achievement The study aimed at establishing the relationship between the frequency of VFTs use by geography teachers and student academic achievement in geomorphology. Based on the findings realized, the study concluded that the frequency of teachers’ use of VFTs significantly influences students’ in geomorphology. Students taught by teachers who regularly integrated VFTs into the classroom instruction consistently demonstrated better performance compared to those exposed to limited or no VFTs use. The findings, therefore, suggest that frequent and well-structured use of learners' understanding of VFT enhances geomorphological promoting by concepts visualisation and experiential learning. The study further established that teachers' knowledge of where to find VFT resources plays a key role in determining the frequency of integration in teaching. Overall, the consistent findings across both student-level and teacher-level analysis provide strong empirical evidence that regular and pedagogically scaffolded integration of VFTs is improving strategy an effective for geomorphology learning outcomes in Kenyan secondary schools.

    Correlation Between Teachers’ Frequency of Virtual Field Trips Use and Student Achievement in Geomorphology in Secondary Schools in Murang'a East Sub-County · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of research on transformative learning that involves proactive engagement with risk reduction and mitigation and that engenders an ethic of care. There is a lack of research on critical engagement with sensitive and often contested issues such as land reform, health inequalities, and climate change. There is a need for more research on the use of geospatial and GIS technologies in Geography Education.

    A scoping review of Geography Education Research in South Africa, 2014-2025 · 2026 · DOI

  • The high unemployment rate among South African youth. The lack of career guidance in high schools. The need for more research on the effectiveness of career guidance and counselling in under-represented communities.

    Interactive exhibits for career awareness: A case study involving secondary school Geography learners in Limpopo, South Africa · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should investigate the long-term effects of interactive exhibits on actual career choices. Future research should examine the effectiveness of interactive exhibits in different contexts and populations. Future research should explore the use of technology to enhance interactive exhibits and career guidance programmes.

    Interactive exhibits for career awareness: A case study involving secondary school Geography learners in Limpopo, South Africa · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research can explore the integration of digital twins into Geography Practice Halls. The study suggests expanding practice halls into interdisciplinary hubs to strengthen curriculum coherence.

    A Study on the Development and Application Paths of High School Geography Practice Halls under the “Three New” Context · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the development and application of Geography Practice Halls in response to the Three New reforms. The paper highlights the need for more research on the effectiveness of different practices in urban and rural schools.

    A Study on the Development and Application Paths of High School Geography Practice Halls under the “Three New” Context · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of awareness of soil importance among university students. The need for a framework for experiential learning, connecting geomorphological features, land-use history, and soil functions.

    Pedogeological field walks within the university campus as a strategy to incorporate urban soils to the curricula of various degree programs · 2026 · DOI

  • Investigate the Inquiry Model's effectiveness across different subjects and grade levels - Explore long-term impacts of the Inquiry Model on students' geo-literacy - Conduct a comparative study with more diverse sample populations

    PENGARUH MODEL INKUIRI TERHADAP GEOLITERASI SISWA PADA MATERI POTENSI SUMBER DAYA ALAM DI SMP NEGERI 3 SOREANG · 2026 · DOI

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285 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 3,519 Geography Education and Pedagogy papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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