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Open research questions in Inclusion and Disability in Education and Sport

49 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 1,005 Inclusion and Disability in Education and Sport papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • Therefore, it can be concluded that studies in the literature [4,31–35] that reveal only quantitative data on physical activity barriers for parents with children with special needs are insufficient.

    Is having a child with special needs a barrier to physical activity? A mixed design study · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research may focus on tracking the long-term effects of the skills and experiences gained by university students through these programs and exploring how these are reflected in their professional lives. Future research is recommended to address these limitations by employing larger and more diverse samples, integrating mixed-method approaches, and conducting longitudinal studies to examine the enduring effects of similar APA programs. Furthermore, the study did not include a longitudinal or follow-up component; therefore, the persistence and long-term stability of the observed changes in students’ attitudes, awareness, and competencies could not be determined.

    UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ PARTICIPATION EXPERIENCES IN AN ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PROGRAM · 2026 · DOI

  • Besides, little is known about how inclusive learning environments with an all-embracing approach that goes beyond the inclusion of pupils with SEND can be created in practice.

    Modifying physical activities for maximizing learning opportunities: perspectives of Finnish physical educators and special educators on inclusive teaching strategies · 2023 · DOI

  • As an under-researched area, the aim of our research was to explore the extent to which a critical pedagogical approach in PE can disrupt normative ableist notions of disability through a disability-specific, critically orientated, tennis class.

    Critical pedagogies for community building: challenging ableism in higher education physical education in the United States · 2020 · DOI

  • In terms of best practice, the debate concerning SEN and disability sports coaching continues to be a contested area that many believe warrants further investigation (Townsend, Smith, and Cushion, 2015).

    Inclusion and SEN coaching: how accelerated learning and ‘workplace’ immersion can help develop core sport coaching skills · 2019 · DOI

  • However, these APE graduate programs vary widely throughout the country, and there has never been a systematic effort to identify and analyze these programs.

    Analysis of Graduate Programs in Adapted Physical Education in the United States · 2018 · DOI

  • Although splitting up a class into teams is a consistent didactical element in physical education (PE), it is under-investigated in terms of how students handle the social dynamics in these situations.

    Getting into teams in physical education and exclusion processes among students · 2014 · DOI

  • Future research is needed to identify: (a) the specific inclusion training needs of key players, (b) the specific that key players define as mild disabilities and those perceived as severe, and (c) reasons for supervisors holding lower perception to the benefits of inclusive recreation services for their agencies.

    Agency readiness to provide inclusive recreation and after-school services for children with disabilities. · 2005

  • self-eÿcacy structured (Bandura, reproduce to ability student’s movements independently and follow new rules signals the into stable behavioral consolidation of mastery experience self-regulation.

    Fostering social inclusion through adapted physical activity: an action research on the psychological experiences of students, teachers, and corporate volunteers · 2026 · DOI

  • Our aim was to privilege the voices of this underreported group in an attempt to add to the body of knowledge around both barriers to participation and recommendations for schools.

    An uphill struggle: an exploration of parents’, carers’, and support workers’ impressions of inclusivity for pupils with learning disabilities in Physical Education · 2025 · DOI

  • Nevertheless, further research on requirement situations in PE and casework in PETE is needed.

    Qualification of prospective PE teachers for inclusive PE: development and evaluation of a PETE concept · 2023 · DOI

  • According to prior research, teacher readiness and capability are key contributors for successful transition towards disability inclusive education, yet in-service teacher professional development for disability inclusion remains an under-researched area.

    PROTOCOL: Teacher professional development for disability inclusion in low‐ and middle‐income Asia‐Pacific countries: An evidence and gap map · 2021 · DOI

  • Parents of people with Down's syndrome and mild mental disability have expressed a positive view of the fitness of sports facilities, while the parents of autistic and physically handicapped individuals indicate that their facilities and equipment are insufficient.

    Socialization of Disabled People with Sports Activities and Their Problem Encountered in Participating in Sports Activities · 2018 · DOI

  • This prompts a significant query: the rationale behind BCG's limited efficacy against TB in particular age groups and populations remains elusive.

    The Prevalence and Impact of Voice Problems Among Physical Education Teachers · 2012 · DOI

  • While many colleges provide guides if a student cannot travel on campus independ- ently, there was found to be no standard procedure for the wearing of tags by dia- betics or epileptics, a procedure considered important for their protection.

    A Survey of SPECIAL FACILITIES for the Physically Handicapped in the Colleges · 1957 · DOI

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49 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 1,005 Inclusion and Disability in Education and Sport papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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