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Open research questions in Indonesian Election Politics and Participation

37 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 1,462 Indonesian Election Politics and Participation papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • 11(2), the https://doi.org/10.23971/elma.v11i2.3259 siyasah Kristiyanto, H., Arinanto, S., & Ghafur, H. S. (2023). Institutionalization and party resilience e22919. democracy.

    Presidential Electoral Legitimacy in Indonesia (2004–2019): A Siyasah Syariyyah Analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • This situation highlights the existence of geographical and institutional gaps in the policy agenda literature and indicates that the institutional role of the Badan Legislasi Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia (Baleg DPR RI) in determining policy agendas has not yet been studied in depth.

    Policy Agenda and Legislative Process in Legislative Institutions: A Systematic Review of the Literature and its Implications for the Indonesian House of Representatives · 2026 · DOI

  • (2) The concept of the ideal regulation of the age limit for presidential and vice presidential candidates remains an open legal policy with the provision of 35 years based on the regulation of legal certainty regarding leadership skills that have the dimensions of guaranteeing human rights justice, justice to freedom from ethical and moral violations, intellectual skills, integrity skills, and electability skills.

    THE NATURE OF THE AGE LIMIT SETTINGS FOR PRESIDENTIAL AND VICE-PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATES IN THE GENERAL ELECTION SYSTEM IN INDONESIA · 2026 · DOI

  • By way of recommendation, there is a need for constant political sensitization and education of constituent members at the grassroots in the political processes, so they can articulate their demands properly and hold their representative to account when the need arises. From the study, there is a sense of political apathy, which the political sensitization would help remedy in the short and long term. Beyond this, future research could focus on expanding to other local government areas in the state or undertake a comparative approach between states in Nigeria, using a multistage sampling technique, more interviews, and the use of panel data to enhance generalizability.

    The Role of Legislative Oversight and Constituent Development in Enugu State, Nigeria · 2026 · DOI

  • This study has several limitations that should be acknowledged. First, the research relied entirely on secondary data derived from academic literature, institutional reports, and political analyses without direct field observation or interviews with political actors and voters. Consequently, the findings primarily reflect interpretative analysis rather than empirical behavioral measurement. Second, the study focused mainly on national electoral dynamics within the post-reform Indonesian context, which may limit broader comparative generalization across different political systems or regional elections. In addition, the rapid development of digital political communication may continuously reshape electoral behavior in ways that are difficult to fully capture within a literature-based study. Therefore, the conclusions presented in this research should be interpreted within the contextual boundaries of qualitative political analysis.

    Ideological Contestation and Identity Politics in the Sustainability of Indonesian Elections · 2026 · DOI

  • The House of Representatives has also not yet fully investigated the certainty of the projected revenue achievement of the development budget sources for the archipelago’s capital, the total budget of which reaches IDR 466 trillion.

    Decrease in the function of the people’s representative council of the republic of Indonesia in the policy of relocating the archipelago’s capital city · 2024 · DOI

  • The current research aims to bridge the gap in the literature by examining the attributes and preferences of potential political leaders who may receive endorsements from political parties in the upcoming 2024 general elections in Indonesia.

    Past preferences informing future leaders for Indonesian 2024 general elections · 2023 · DOI

  • This constitutes a relatively understudied challenge facing democratization processes: when and how do democratic reforms succeed in fostering the emergence of new elites? This paper addresses this question through a study of village head elections in three rural districts around Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

    A quiet revolution? Village head elections and the democratization of rural Indonesia · 2021 · DOI

  • This article aims to make a contribution to filling this gap in the literature on the dynamics of local election by examining the political parties’ activities in the 2010 local executive election in Indonesia through the detailed case study of Manado City.

    Why Political Parties don’t and do Matter in Local Government Elections in Indonesia: A Manado Case · 2021 · DOI

  • The Obor Rakyat media scandal, a major political event in 2014 that remains understudied, represented a new manifestation of rumor politics and smear campaigning aimed at President Jokowi, widely hailed as a novel reformist politician because of his relatively clean record and lack of direct association with the Indonesian political establishment.

    President Jokowi and the 2014 <i>Obor Rakyat</i> controversy in Indonesia · 2016 · DOI

  • As a cadre party, the PAP (People's Action Party) is relatively autonomous from private business interests, and intraparty competition is not commercialized; the developmentalist state is highly productive, and the ties between the state, the PAP, and business are not characterized by cronyism.

    Laissez-faire versus Strict Control of Political Finance: Hegemonic Parties and Developmental States in Malaysia and Singapore · 2015 · DOI

  • " The Japanese management model rests upon a high quality of political software that is lacking in Nigeria, including: the development of mutual respect, soft forms of power combined with hard forms, the integration of centralization and decentralization, private sector/public sector cooperation, and improvement and correctional potential.

    Comparative Solid Waste Management · 1995 · DOI

  • Future research should examine more deeply the moral and integrity dimensions of election supervisory officials at various regional levels in Indonesia.

    Problematika Independensi Bawaslu dalam Sistem Pengawasan Pemilihan Umum di Indonesia · 2026 · DOI

  • The differences in individual definitions of the semi-presidential system indicate the lack of agreement on the essential characteristics of this system of government.

    THEORIES ABOUT SEMI-PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEMS · 2026 · DOI

  • Furthermore, the research highlights that the legal provisions governing electoral offenses are insufficient to deter money politics, as they fail to encompass all potential perpetrators, particularly those outside campaign teams.

    Consequences of the Use of Political Money Crimes in Indonesian Election Administration · 2025 · DOI

  • This article reviews an under-researched area of policy interactions in electoral authoritarian regimes involving not just the ruling party and the opposition, but also civil society.

    Political Financing Reform: Politics, Policies and Patronage in Malaysia · 2019 · DOI

  • The role of purnawirawan remains a critical research gap in the literature on democratisation in post-authoritarian Indonesia, particularly in studies which focus on civilian–military relations.

    The <i>Purnawirawan</i> and Party Development in Post-Authoritarian Indonesia, 1998–2014 · 2017 · DOI

  • While studies among established democracies suggest MPs’ incentives to develop close links with their constituents are hardly determined by the electoral system, very little is known about MPs’ incentives to establish such links outside these countries.

    How do MPs in Kosovo develop constituency links? A comparison of MPs’ behaviour under closed-list and open-list PR electoral systems · 2017 · DOI

  • Despite having the earliest exposure to electoral democratic practices in the Asia-Pacific region, the Philippines remains to be one of the least stable democracies in the Global South.

    Why Asia’s Oldest Democracy is Bound to Fail · 2016 · DOI

  • Empirical data provides support for both hypotheses: though there is a certain effect of party attachment, alone it could not determine such a good performance of government parties.

    PRALAIMĖJIMAS, PRILYGINTAS LAIMĖJIMUI: GERO ANDRIAUS KUBILIAUS VYRIAUSYBĖS PARTIJŲ PASIRODYMO SEIMO RINKIMUOSE PRIEŽASTYS · 2014 · DOI

  • There are no standards met in elections if the main stakeholders fail to be successful in their commitments or fail to commit themselves in meeting their responsibilities.

    The integrity of elections in Albania as a duality between the law and their administration. Electoral management body in the circle of cause – effect for elections performance · 2014 · DOI

  • Furthermore, since the local government election was suspended and discontinued, this topic seems has not been discussed further, thus provide limited information for academic discourse.

    Reviving the local government election in Malaysia? · 2013 · DOI

  • The article reviews the literature on the evaluation of deliberative and participatory practices, highlights a number of open issues concerning the feasibility of evaluation and suggests an agenda for future research.

    Che è «successo»? · 2012 · DOI

  • Not only is Portugal rarely studied in the English language comparative literature, but there is no consensus concerning the proper definition of the country's system of government, whether it is semi‐presidential or parliamentary.

    Portugal's semi‐presidentialism (re)considered: An assessment of the president's role in the policy process, 1976–2006 · 2009 · DOI

  • Yet given the substantial opposition to the changes within the Japanese Diet, whether the victorious Koizumi can successfully implement this and other policies remains uncertain.

    Koizumi's Move: Change Uncertain in Japan · 2006

Most-cited papers in Indonesian Election Politics and Participation

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37 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 1,462 Indonesian Election Politics and Participation papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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