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Open research questions in Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management

332 gap statements mined from Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 3,247 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • The framework is limited to classes of contracts with monotone payoffs and those involving two insureds. The results are based on mathematical programming and may not be generalizable to other contexts.

    Robust risk evaluation of joint life insurance under dependence uncertainty · 2026 · DOI

  • Further, our findings indicate that a key ingredient to improving the quality of mortality statistics might have to do with a slowing down of certifiers’ thinking process, something which has been documented to work in other contexts, and needs to be further studied within the death certification context.

    Implications of the 2017 change in the French death certificate for the accuracy of mortality statistics worldwide · 2026 · DOI

  • These limitations include insufficiently defined population denominators, variability in the handling of migrations, inconsistent spatial analytical approaches, lack of agreed thresholds for defining extreme values, limited specification of appropriate observation periods, and variable standards of registry quality and age validation.

    Extreme Longevity Areas: Redefining the Need for A Transparent and Standardized Framework · 2026 · DOI

  • The study faces the challenge of dealing with missing data, as exact age at death is not available for 8.4% of the sample. The research needs to control for strong temporal patterns in cohort survival. The study must account for individual-level covariates, including month of birth and religious affiliation.

    In Utero Selection Echoes Across a Lifetime: Evidence From Historical Utah Populations · 2026 · DOI

  • Demographic indicators may help identify territories where more detailed needs assessments are warranted, particularly when interpreted together with absolute numbers of older residents.

    Spatial Differentiation of Population Aging in a Rapidly Aging Latin American Region: Evidence from the Maule Region, Chile, 1992–2024 · 2026 · DOI

  • In the absence of such methodological standardization, the validity and comparability of reported extreme longevity areas remain uncertain, including the calculations used to characterize previously described regions.

    Extreme Longevity Areas: Redefining the Need for A Transparent and Standardized Framework · 2026 · DOI

  • The findings generate important evidence regarding mortality trends and patterns in a setting where population-based mortality data are scarce.

    Trends in All-Cause and Cause – Specific Mortality in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (2020-2023) · 2026 · DOI

  • In spite of its significance for medical research and policy-making, this measure has not been studied for people with dementia in the Canadian population.

    Estimating life expectancy in the Canadian elderly population with dementia using prevalent cohort survival data · 2025 · DOI

  • To model subgroup baseline mortality parsimoniously under limited data, we parameterize the baseline schedules using Hermite splines and impose simple shape restrictions. Second, parsimonious multi-source mortality models can make these questions empirically tractable even when subgroup data are sparse.

    Mortality Heterogeneity and Actuarial Fairness in China's Notional Defined Contribution Pension System · 2026

  • The gap in current research is the lack of understanding of the life course mechanisms linking childhood socioeconomic status to multimorbidity. The study aims to address this gap by investigating the relationship between childhood socioeconomic status and multimorbidity in later life.

    Life course socioeconomic determinants of multimorbidity in later life: longitudinal evidence from the Health and Retirement Study · 2026 · DOI

  • Investigating the trend in mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic is recommended. Further studies can be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of health interventions using the predicted mortality rates.

    Modeling Mortality Rates Based on the Lee-Carter Model in Golestan Province, Iran: 2011-2028 · 2026 · DOI

  • The analysis is further limited by the absence of individual-level data on genetic, behavioral, or socioeconomic determinants, as well as by the presence of incomplete lifespans for some individuals.

    Life Expectancy and Survival Patterns in a Multigenerational Romanian Family (1900–2024): A Descriptive Study Based on Synthetic Cohort Life Tables · 2026 · DOI

  • The study does not compare the GPV method with alternative premium valuation methods or actuarial approaches for last survivor insurance, limiting assessment of its relative accuracy and efficiency.

    Penentuan Cadangan Asuransi Jiwa Last Survivor berdasarkan Metode Gross Premium Valuation (GPV) dengan Hukum De’Moivre · 2026 · DOI

  • Terms contained in the Deed Poll also include but are not limited to the following: – NMFM is entitled to rely on information provided to it by NMMT in relation to a Guarantee investor without making further enquiry.

    A two-account pricing framework for hybrid variable annuity contract embedded with living and death benefit riders · 2026 · DOI

  • Improvements in life expectancy reduce the number of births needed, mechanically increasing the Bo/Bn ratio even when fertility remains constant.

    The ratio of births observed to births needed: An indicator to assess demographic sustainability · 2026 · DOI

  • The stationary model assumes constant mortality and a stable age structure, which likely will not hold for populations undergoing demographic transitions. The same Bo/Bn value can imply different outcomes depending on age structure. Improvements in life expectancy reduce the number of births needed, mechanically increasing the Bo/Bn ratio even when fertility remains constant.

    The ratio of births observed to births needed: An indicator to assess demographic sustainability · 2026 · DOI

  • As a result, direct comparisons of e0 estimates between the two sources were limited to these 22 states, thereby restricting the scope of the analysis.

    A pair model to describe the life expectancy at birth in India · 2026 · DOI

  • Third, although the methodologies applied in GBD estimates involve rigorous standardization procedures to harmonize sparse data inputs and enhance cross-regional-comparability, the residual data quality issues may persist.

    Understanding Lifespan Disparity in India: The Role of Premature Mortality and Old-age Mortality · 2026 · DOI

  • Population aging and sustained fertility decline are reshaping age structures and dependency ratios. Health systems across the region remain predominantly oriented toward reactive care. The principal constraint on HVAS implementation lies in the alignment of financing arrangements, governance structures, and population health priorities.

    Rebalancing health investment across the life course: a high-value age segments framework for aging societies · 2026 · DOI

  • Generalize the results in this paper in various directions. Extend the framework for classes of contracts, such as those with non-monotone payoffs and those involving more than two insureds.

    Robust risk evaluation of joint life insurance under dependence uncertainty · 2026 · DOI

  • Past work in historical demography finds mixed evidence regarding the role of selective cohort mortality in utero in shaping that cohort's older-age mortality.

    In Utero Selection Echoes Across a Lifetime: Evidence From Historical Utah Populations · 2026 · DOI

  • Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan model matematis dan menyimpulkan hasil perhitungan cadangan premi prospektif pada asuransi jiwa seumur hidup last survivor. Terdapat perbedaan pada hasil cadangan premi ketika terjadi kematian oleh salah satu tertanggung dan dengan menggunakan hukum De’Moivre, cadangan premi yang dihasilkan pada tahun terakhir polis melebihi benefit yang dijanjikan dikontrak polis.

    Penentuan Cadangan Asuransi Jiwa Last Survivor berdasarkan Metode Gross Premium Valuation (GPV) dengan Hukum De’Moivre · 2026 · DOI

  • To develop a fully joint estimator of θ, α, and β. To apply the FAAM framework to various demographic analyses.

    Adaptive correction of age heaping via an interpretable misreporting matrix · 2026 · DOI

  • Several limitations of the present study point to fruitful directions for future research. A particularly pressing open question concerns the post-pandemic trajectory of mortality.

    A Unified Longevity–Financial Risk Framework for Evaluating Pension Funding Ratios · 2026 · DOI

  • Embedding HVAS within national planning frameworks. Building equity safeguards into any upstream investment strategy.

    Rebalancing health investment across the life course: a high-value age segments framework for aging societies · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) Demographic indicators may help identify territories where more detailed needs assessments are warranted, particularly when interpreted together with absolute numbers of older residents (“Spatial Differentiation of Population Aging in a Rapidly Aging Latin American…”, 2026); (2) The findings generate important evidence regarding mortality trends and patterns in a setting where population-based mortality data are scarce (“Trends in All-Cause and Cause – Specific Mortality in the Kurdistan Region of…”, 2026); (3) The gap in current research is the lack of understanding of the life course mechanisms linking childhood socioeconomic status to multimorbidity (“Life course socioeconomic determinants of multimorbidity in later life:…”, 2026); (4) In spite of its significance for medical research and policy-making, this measure has not been studied for people with dementia in the Canadian population (“Estimating life expectancy in the Canadian elderly population with dementia…”, 2025). 332 gap statements have been mined from Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 3,247 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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