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Open research questions in Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts

154 gap statements mined from Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 2,905 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

Choosing where to publish on Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts? See the ranked Social Science journals.

What the literature leaves open

  • The existing defensive foundation needs to be complemented with mechanisms that signal consequences. The GCC nations need to shift from defence effectiveness to influence over the adversary's decision-making.

    The Next Phase Of GCC Deterrence · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of understanding of the historical relationship between the Kurdish people and the Iranian state. The need to examine the Islamic regime's use of violence and collective punishment. The importance of recognizing the Iranian state's focus on maintaining control and suppressing dissent.

    Post-1979 Iranian Revolution’s Reign of Terror and State Violence: Kurdistan as a Centerpiece · 2026 · DOI

  • The study relies on estimates and projections due to the lack of accurate data. The research may be limited by the availability of data from the Qatar Statistics Bureau and the World Bank.

    Unique Patterns of Population Growth in Qatar: Changes and Prospects of Immigration-based Policies in the Light of Social Divide · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of accurate data on the citizen population in Qatar, making it difficult to determine the exact number of citizens. The study identifies a gap in the understanding of the strategies a small, narrowly defined social group may adopt to maintain effective power despite being the demographic minority.

    Unique Patterns of Population Growth in Qatar: Changes and Prospects of Immigration-based Policies in the Light of Social Divide · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of research on the policy of the Biden administration regarding Israel and the Arab-Israeli conflict before the Hamas attack on October 7, 2023.

    THE U.S. POLICY ON ISRAEL IN JANUARY 2021 – OCTOBER 2023 · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of understanding of the Yazidi community's experiences and stories. The need to examine the intersections of political resistance, cultural resilience, and the impact of epistemic and colonial violence.

    Yazidi Stories: A Case Study of Resistance, Resilience and Political Erasure in Mesopotamia · 2026 · DOI

  • Balancing the need for innovation with the importance of tradition and heritage. Expanding the brand's global presence while remaining true to its roots.

    Amouage interview with CEO Marco Parsiegla November 2025 · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper highlights the need to analyze the crisis of the Pax Americana and the declining convertibility of military superiority into political settlement.

    The Strategic Meaning of the Iranian War: Harbinger of a Global Order Shift · 2026 · DOI

  • The United States and Iran should prioritize diplomatic dialogue over military confrontation in order to reduce tensions and prevent escalation into open conflict. Respect for Sovereignty: External powers should respect the sovereignty of Middle Eastern states and avoid unilateral interventions that may destabilize internal political systems. 223 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Prof. S. T.

    IMPERIAL DOMINANCE AND TRENDS OF CONFLICT IN THE MIDDLE EAST: OVERVIEW OF THE UNITED STATES INVASION OF IRAN · 2026 · DOI

  • The Iraqi government should prioritize inclusive security reforms aimed at reducing terrorism and sectarian tensions to create a stable environment for development. Economic Diversification: Efforts should be intensified to diversify the economy beyond oil by investing in agriculture, manufacturing, and small-scale industries to generate employment.

    MIDDLE EAST CRISIS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON THE SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF IRAQ · 2026 · DOI

  • There is little empirical evidence that public support for Iran-backed armed non-state actors systematically varies along sectarian lines. The study seeks to address this gap by using original survey experiments to measure attitudes toward ANSAs.

    Do sectarian differences affect support for armed non-state actors? Evidence from survey experiments in Lebanon, Iraq, and Yemen · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in existing theories that cannot explain the post-2011 Middle East's lack of hegemony or consistent balancing behavior. It addresses the need for a new model to account for the region's complex dynamics.

    HIERARCHY WITHOUT HEGEMONY: RETHINKING REGIONAL ORDER FORMATION IN THE POST-2011 MIDDLE EAST · 2026 · DOI

  • The gap is related to the lack of analysis on the geopolitical consequences of the conflict in the Gulf.

    The Iran–Israel rivalry and its implications: Gulf states’ responses to the war in Gaza · 2026 · DOI

  • The study highlights the need to foreground refugee narratives and institutions governing displacement.

    Nadia El-Shaarawi. Collateral Damages: Tracing the Debts and Displacements of the Iraq War (Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2025). 256 pages. $29.95 paper. ISBN 9780520392144 · 2026 · DOI

  • The need to address the weaknesses in financial and institutional continuity in food security and agricultural projects.

    Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Sustainability of Food Security and Agricultural Projects Implemented by UN and International Organizations in Yemen · 2026 · DOI

  • Conduct longitudinal and qualitative studies: Track the long-term impact of projects post-funding and explore sustainability challenges from the perspective of local communities to understand socio-economic barriers limiting continued benefits.

    Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Sustainability of Food Security and Agricultural Projects Implemented by UN and International Organizations in Yemen · 2026 · DOI

  • The scholarly literature on Iran-Israel links is surprisingly thin. There is a lack of understanding of Iranian Jewish immigration to Israel. The paper identifies a gap in the study of Iranian Jews as a unique community, rather than part of the broader 'Mizrahim' community.

    Iranian Immigration to Israel: History and Voices, in the Shadow Of Kings by Ali L. Ezzatyar. London: Abingdon and New York, 2022. 219 pages · 2025 · DOI

  • Future research should examine the impact of the conflict on the region and its inhabitants. The study of the conflict between Iran and the USA should be extended to include other countries and regions, in order to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the issue. Further research is needed to develop effective strategies for addressing the conflict and promoting stability in the region.

    The Conflict of Iran and the USA Post Arab Spring in the Middle East · 2024 · DOI

  • The conflict between Iran and the USA post Arab Spring in the Middle East is a complex and understudied issue. Prior research has examined the conflict from various perspectives, but there is a need for a comprehensive understanding of the issue using a qualitative method.

    The Conflict of Iran and the USA Post Arab Spring in the Middle East · 2024 · DOI

  • By examining the experience of CSOs in three countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, we show that engagement with services plays a crucial, yet highly varied and hitherto under-studied, role in these organisations’ efforts to build legitimacy and pursue their political goals, with potentially important implications for peace and conflict dynamics.

    Challenging and reinforcing the status quo: Services, civil society and conflict in the MENA region · 2024 · DOI

  • Dr. Madhulika Mishra1 1 Head of Department and Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Women’s College, Samastipur (A Constituent College under LNMU) Abstract: The relationship between Iran and the United States is one of the most enduring and consequential rivalries in contemporary international politics.

    Iran–U.S. Conflict and Its Implications for the World Order: Geopolitical, Economic, Security, and Strategic Perspectives · 2026 · DOI

  • Investigate how external powers influence regional dynamics in a contested hierarchy. Explore the role of non-state actors in shaping regional order under contested hierarchy.

    HIERARCHY WITHOUT HEGEMONY: RETHINKING REGIONAL ORDER FORMATION IN THE POST-2011 MIDDLE EAST · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in the analysis of the US-Israeli war on Iran and its consequences. The paper also identifies a gap in the understanding of the role of the Democratic leadership in Congress in the war effort.

    Trump’s Gulf War · 2026 · DOI

  • Further examination of the historical relationship between the Kurdish people and the Iranian state. Analysis of the implications of state-sanctioned violence for the post-revolutionary state-society in Iran. Investigation of strategies for promoting peace and equality in the region.

    Post-1979 Iranian Revolution’s Reign of Terror and State Violence: Kurdistan as a Centerpiece · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in understanding the Baluch community's impact on Iran's security policies. The Baluch community's separatist demands and armed movements pose a significant security threat to Iran.

    Security and Ethnic Structure in Iran: The Beluches' Impact on Security · 2026 · DOI

Most-cited papers in Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) The lack of understanding of the historical relationship between the Kurdish people and the Iranian state (“Post-1979 Iranian Revolution’s Reign of Terror and State Violence: Kurdistan as…”, 2026); (2) The study relies on estimates and projections due to the lack of accurate data (“Unique Patterns of Population Growth in Qatar: Changes and Prospects of…”, 2026); (3) There is a lack of research on the policy of the Biden administration regarding Israel and the Arab-Israeli conflict before the Hamas attack on October 7, 2023 (“THE U.S. POLICY ON ISRAEL IN JANUARY 2021 – OCTOBER 2023”, 2026); (4) The lack of understanding of the Yazidi community's experiences and stories (“Yazidi Stories: A Case Study of Resistance, Resilience and Political Erasure in…”, 2026); (5) The paper identifies a gap in existing theories that cannot explain the post-2011 Middle East's lack of hegemony or consistent balancing behavior (“HIERARCHY WITHOUT HEGEMONY: RETHINKING REGIONAL ORDER FORMATION IN THE…”, 2026). 154 gap statements have been mined from Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 2,905 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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