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Open research questions in Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts

167 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 2,808 Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • The study employed a qualitative, exploratory research design, - The study was conducted in only three Yemeni governorates, - The sample size was limited to 97 participants

    Child Marriage in Conflict-Affected Yemen: Girls and Community Members Speak Out on the Drivers · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the understanding of child marriage in conflict-affected Yemen. Prior work has shown that child marriage rates are significantly higher in conflict-affected states, but the underlying drivers are not well understood. The study aims to fill this gap by exploring the perspectives of adolescent girls and community members.

    Child Marriage in Conflict-Affected Yemen: Girls and Community Members Speak Out on the Drivers · 2026 · DOI

  • Although the scalability of such mechanisms beyond the university context remains uncertain, the UConn Abrahamic Programs’ first decade demonstrates that they are, at the very least, an essential complement to efforts to achieve enduring peace and sustainable regional integration.

    UConn Abrahamic Programs: 10 Years On · 2026 · DOI

  • The existing defensive foundation needs to be complemented with mechanisms that signal consequences. The GCC nations need to shift from defence effectiveness to influence over the adversary's decision-making.

    The Next Phase Of GCC Deterrence · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in the analysis of the US-Israeli war on Iran and its consequences. The paper also identifies a gap in the understanding of the role of the Democratic leadership in Congress in the war effort.

    Trump’s Gulf War · 2026 · DOI

  • Further examination of the historical relationship between the Kurdish people and the Iranian state. Analysis of the implications of state-sanctioned violence for the post-revolutionary state-society in Iran. Investigation of strategies for promoting peace and equality in the region.

    Post-1979 Iranian Revolution’s Reign of Terror and State Violence: Kurdistan as a Centerpiece · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of understanding of the historical relationship between the Kurdish people and the Iranian state. The need to examine the Islamic regime's use of violence and collective punishment. The importance of recognizing the Iranian state's focus on maintaining control and suppressing dissent.

    Post-1979 Iranian Revolution’s Reign of Terror and State Violence: Kurdistan as a Centerpiece · 2026 · DOI

  • 74 Iran’s Dual Strategy in the Middle East: Proxy Warfare, Nuclear Ambitions, and Strategic RecalibrationVol: 22 Issue: 53 Habib BADAWI Several areas warrant further exploration: the internal dynamics of Iran’s regime, particularly the role of factional politics in shaping foreign policy decisions, remain underexplored. Iran’s recent membership in BRICS provides an alternative platform for economic and political engagement operating outside Western-dominated international institutions, though the practical implications of this membership remain uncertain given the still-evolving nature of BRICS economic coordination mechanisms. The events of 2023-2024 subjected this integrated framework to its most severe stress test, and the results were mixed: the strategy’s interdependency, which was its greatest strength, also proved to be a vulnerability when multiple nodes came under simultaneous pressure.

    Iran’s Dual Strategy in the Middle East: Proxy Warfare, Nuclear Ambitions, and Strategic Recalibration · 2026 · DOI

  • The Qatari authorities only release partial data on the citizen population, making it difficult to determine the exact number of citizens. The study relies on estimates and projections due to the lack of accurate data. The research may be limited by the availability of data from the Qatar Statistics Bureau and the World Bank.

    Unique Patterns of Population Growth in Qatar: Changes and Prospects of Immigration-based Policies in the Light of Social Divide · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of accurate data on the citizen population in Qatar, making it difficult to determine the exact number of citizens. The study identifies a gap in the understanding of the strategies a small, narrowly defined social group may adopt to maintain effective power despite being the demographic minority. The research highlights the need for sustainable population strategies that take into account economic and legal factors.

    Unique Patterns of Population Growth in Qatar: Changes and Prospects of Immigration-based Policies in the Light of Social Divide · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of research on the policy of the Biden administration regarding Israel and the Arab-Israeli conflict before the Hamas attack on October 7, 2023.

    THE U.S. POLICY ON ISRAEL IN JANUARY 2021 – OCTOBER 2023 · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of understanding of the Yazidi community's experiences and stories. The need to examine the intersections of political resistance, cultural resilience, and the impact of epistemic and colonial violence.

    Yazidi Stories: A Case Study of Resistance, Resilience and Political Erasure in Mesopotamia · 2026 · DOI

  • Maintaining high standards in product quality and craftsmanship. Balancing the need for innovation with the importance of tradition and heritage. Expanding the brand's global presence while remaining true to its roots.

    Amouage interview with CEO Marco Parsiegla November 2025 · 2026 · DOI

  • Medieval Roman frontier management remains understudied. The study of frontiers themselves and the borders that demarcated what Constantinople controlled from the rest of the world rarely receive much attention.

    Imperial landscapes and client management on the Roman–Fatimid frontier in eleventh-century Syria · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in the understanding of the implications of the Iranian war for the global order. The paper highlights the need to analyze the crisis of the Pax Americana and the declining convertibility of military superiority into political settlement.

    The Strategic Meaning of the Iranian War: Harbinger of a Global Order Shift · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in the literature on the Iran-U.S. conflict, particularly with regards to its regional and global implications. The paper argues that existing studies have not fully captured the complexity and multidimensionality of the conflict.

    Iran–U.S. Conflict and Its Implications for the World Order: Geopolitical, Economic, Security, and Strategic Perspectives · 2026 · DOI

  • Dr. Madhulika Mishra1 1 Head of Department and Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Women’s College, Samastipur (A Constituent College under LNMU) Abstract: The relationship between Iran and the United States is one of the most enduring and consequential rivalries in contemporary international politics. Since the 1979 Islamic Revolution, their bilateral dispute has evolved into a multidimensional confrontation encompassing nuclear diplomacy, economic sanctions, maritime security, proxy warfare, cyber operations, and competition for regional influence. The implications of this rivalry extend well beyond the Middle East, affecting global energy markets, strategic shipping routes, international financial stability, non‑proliferation regimes, and the broader calculations of major powers such as China, Russia, India, and the European Union. Recent episodes of military escalation have demonstrated how quickly local incidents in the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz can generate worldwide economic and security turbulence through disrupted shipping, volatility in oil prices, and heightened geopolitical risk. Against this background, this paper examines the historical evolution of the Iran–U.S. conflict, identifies its principal strategic drivers, analyses its regional and global consequences, and evaluates plausible future scenarios. It argues that although deterrence and military power remain central to state behaviour, durable stability will depend far more on diplomatic engagement, confidence‑building measures, and sustained multilateral cooperation than on prolonged confrontation.

    Iran–U.S. Conflict and Its Implications for the World Order: Geopolitical, Economic, Security, and Strategic Perspectives · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in understanding the Baluch community's impact on Iran's security policies. The Baluch community's separatist demands and armed movements pose a significant security threat to Iran.

    Security and Ethnic Structure in Iran: The Beluches' Impact on Security · 2026 · DOI

  • Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations are made: 1. Promotion of Diplomatic Engagement: The United States and Iran should prioritize diplomatic dialogue over military confrontation in order to reduce tensions and prevent escalation into open conflict. 2. Respect for Sovereignty: External powers should respect the sovereignty of Middle Eastern states and avoid unilateral interventions that may destabilize internal political systems. 223 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Prof. S. T. Addo [GHANA] MEDITERRANEAN PUBLICATION AND RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL – HLAR VOL. 13 NO. 6 – JULY, 2026

    IMPERIAL DOMINANCE AND TRENDS OF CONFLICT IN THE MIDDLE EAST: OVERVIEW OF THE UNITED STATES INVASION OF IRAN · 2026 · DOI

  • Prolonged conflict and instability in the Middle East. Weak governance and institutional capacity in Iraq. Limited economic diversification and dependence on oil revenues.

    MIDDLE EAST CRISIS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON THE SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF IRAQ · 2026 · DOI

  • Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made: 1. Strengthening Security and Stability: The Iraqi government should prioritize inclusive security reforms aimed at reducing terrorism and sectarian tensions to create a stable environment for development. 2. Economic Diversification: Efforts should be intensified to diversify the economy beyond oil by investing in agriculture, manufacturing, and small-scale industries to generate employment. Improved Governance and Anti-Corruption Measures: Strong institutional reforms and anti-corruption mechanisms should be implemented to improve transparency, accountability, and effective service delivery. Investment in Social Services: 3. 4. 181 | P a g e (JHSPR); Journal of Human, Social & Political Science Research July, 2026

    MIDDLE EAST CRISIS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON THE SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF IRAQ · 2026 · DOI

  • There is little empirical evidence that public support for Iran-backed armed non-state actors systematically varies along sectarian lines. The study seeks to address this gap by using original survey experiments to measure attitudes toward ANSAs.

    Do sectarian differences affect support for armed non-state actors? Evidence from survey experiments in Lebanon, Iraq, and Yemen · 2026 · DOI

  • Investigate how external powers influence regional dynamics in a contested hierarchy. Explore the role of non-state actors in shaping regional order under contested hierarchy.

    HIERARCHY WITHOUT HEGEMONY: RETHINKING REGIONAL ORDER FORMATION IN THE POST-2011 MIDDLE EAST · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in existing theories that cannot explain the post-2011 Middle East's lack of hegemony or consistent balancing behavior. It addresses the need for a new model to account for the region's complex dynamics.

    HIERARCHY WITHOUT HEGEMONY: RETHINKING REGIONAL ORDER FORMATION IN THE POST-2011 MIDDLE EAST · 2026 · DOI

  • Procedural individualization has not received sufficient research attention, - there is a need to study the plan adopted by the Omani legislator in procedural individualization, - the paper aims to fill this gap by evaluating the Omani legislator's plan and its applications

    Procedural Individualization in Omani Legislation: A Comparative Study · 2026 · DOI

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167 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 2,808 Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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