Open research questions in Physical Education and Training Studies
43 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 1,967 Physical Education and Training Studies papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.
What the literature leaves open
Children First School, Inc. should implement Project MOVE as a coordinated school-based program that promotes consistent participation, safe progression, recovery, and academic balance.
Level of Sports Participation and Academic Performance among Student-Athletes of Children First School, Inc. · 2026 · DOIThe study has several limitations that should be taken into account when interpreting the findings. The first limitation concerns the research sample, which was restricted to a single primary school with four classes specialising in volleyball. The results may therefore not be generalisable to other types of sport specialisation or to schools in different socio-cultural contexts. A further limitation is the study's cross-sectional design, which does not allow examination of changes in classroom climate over time or causal interpretation of the observed relationships. Finally, the psychodiagnostic instruments used capture pupils’ performance at a specific moment and may be influenced by situational factors, such as the time of day, the period within the school year, or the pupils’ current psychological state. These limitations indicate the need for further research, particularly longitudinal studies conducted on larger and more diverse samples.
Hodnocení klimatu tříd s rozšířenou výukou tělesné výchovy prostřednictvím psychodiagnostických nástrojů a jejich implikace pro hudební výchovu · 2026 · DOIBased on these findings, several recommendations are offered. For physical education practice, teachers are encouraged to integrate psychological skills training (for example, self-talk and imagery) to help convert moderate self-efficacy into stable performance under pressure, alongside structured upper-body strength activities that support reproducible shooting mechanics. For coaching, free-throw shooting merits explicit, repeated instruction as a specialized skill rather than incidental practice. For school health programming, periodic monitoring of body composition—with attention to the high proportion of underweight students observed here—may help address nutritional and conditioning needs. For future research, scholars should employ larger and more diverse samples, incorporate direct measures of shooting technique and attentional control, and consider longitudinal or experimental designs to test whether targeted interventions improve free-throw accuracy. REFERENCES Amador, M., Meza, C., McAinch, A., King, G., Covington, J., & Bajpeyi, S. (2020). Exercise-induced improvements in insulin sensitivity are not attenuated by a family history of type 2 diabetes. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 11, Article 120. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.00120 Amara, S., Chortane, O., Negra, Y., Hammami, R., Khalifa, R., Chortane, S., & Tillaar, R. (2021). Relationship between swimming performance, biomechanical variables and the calculated predicted 1-RM push- up in competitive swimmers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21), Article 11395. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111395 Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191 Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W. H. Freeman.
Several limitations should be considered when interpreting these findings. First, the descriptive– predictive (correlational) design establishes statistical association rather than causation; the significant predictors should therefore be read as correlates of free-throw accuracy, not proven causes. Second, BMI is a coarse anthropometric index that does not distinguish fat mass from lean mass, so its negative association with accuracy should be interpreted cautiously. Third, the study was confined to Grade 10 students in District V, Malaybalay City, which limits generalizability to other grade levels, regions, and competitive contexts. Fourth, the model explained 21.9% of the variance, indicating that unmeasured factors—such as shooting technique, coaching quality, fatigue, and visual attention—also contribute to performance and warrant inclusion in future work. RECOMMENDATIONS Based on these findings, several recommendations are offered. For physical education practice, teachers are encouraged to integrate psychological skills training (for example, self-talk and imagery) to help convert moderate self-efficacy into stable performance under pressure, alongside structured upper-body strength activities that support reproducible shooting mechanics. For coaching, free-throw shooting merits explicit, repeated instruction as a specialized skill rather than incidental practice. For school health programming, periodic monitoring of body composition—with attention to the high proportion of underweight students observed here—may help address nutritional and conditioning needs. For future research, scholars should employ larger and more diverse samples, incorporate direct measures of shooting technique and attentional control, and consider longitudinal or experimental designs to test whether targeted interventions improve free-throw accuracy. REFERENCES Amador, M., Meza, C., McAinch, A., King, G., Covington, J., & Bajpeyi, S. (2020). Exercise-induced improvements in insulin sensitivity are not attenuated by a family history of type 2 diabetes. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 11, Article 120. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.00120 Amara, S., Chortane, O., Negra, Y., Hammami, R., Khalifa, R., Chortane, S., & Tillaar, R. (2021). Relationship between swimming performance, biomechanical variables and the calculated predicted 1-RM push- up in competitive swimmers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21), Article 11395. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111395 Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191 Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W. H. Freeman.
While various distractions may work in fitness settings, in the PE setting distractions in and of themselves are insufficient and cannot replace quality pedagogy and an engaging teacher.
The Effect of Music- and Video-Distraction on High School Physical Education Student Exercise Intensity · 2019 · DOIThe decline in physical activity (PA) from youth to young adulthood is evident, though limited research has addressed whether specific factors of K–12 physical education (PE) have any influence on outcomes during college years.
Examining the Relationship Between High School Physical Education and Fitness Outcomes in College Students · 2019 · DOIThe main problems existing in the assurance system of the scientific research of the national swimming team in China can be summarized as follows:1) the scientific research and the training management is not harmonized;2) the ability of solving problems of the scientific research is insufficient;3) the service of the scientific research is not sufficient.
Research on the Optimization and Consummation of Scientific Research Assurance System of the National Swimming Team in China · 2006approved by the seminar group. These have been selected for report ing here because of their significance to the civilian population and, par ticularly, to educators. • The nation must be awakened to the necessity of youth fitness, in order that youth may be better fitted -mentally, morally, and physically -to perform their responsibilities as citizens or soldiers during peace or war. • Foundations and conditions for fitness are fostered best physical during early youth. • The objective of civilian physi cal education should be that of a youth physically prepared, fit, and conditioned to meet all demands of citizenship. • Communities with sound fitness programs can send young men to the Army in a better state of physical, mental, and technical fitness. • All young men that can pass physical tests are taken into the military as draftees or officers from ROTC. If these young men receive adequate physical education prepa rations in colleges. in high schools 01' both, they would be better suited to military duty. • The American soldier in this pentomic age can best serve his coun try and himself among other qualifications, he is in good physical condition and has participated in a variety of sports and other recreaif, 22 1 See report of AAHPER Youth Fitness.. Project, p. 34. SEPTEMBER 1958, JOURNAL OF tional skills. Such qualifications are especially important for officer per sonnel. • Physical aptitude is essential in military leadership. • Since the purposes and experi ences of the ROTC program are not directed specifically to the develop ment of physical condition and rec reation skills and interests, ROTC students should be provided ample opportunities to achieve such devel opment through physical education programs in colleges. • Maintenance of higher stand ards of youth fitness will result in early detection and correction of physical defects prior to induction, reduction of the chance of injury during training and in performance of duty tasks, reduction in the time required to put youth in good physi cal condition for the rigors of serv ice, and an increase in the physical and.emotional capacity of youth for service, • The physical fitness program is for all military personnel without regard to duty assignment and area assignment. • There should be continuous re search and evaluation of all aspects of the physical training program, RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE SEMINAR • The Secretary of Defense, as a member of the President's Council on Youth Fitness, should be in formed of Department of Army in terest in the development of youth fitness to include: 1.
that all athletic, physical education and recreational this country be used to the maximum for the greatest good of the community in which they are lo cated; facilities of endorse the that agencies BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, controlling these facilities be urged to use professionally prepared personnel as well as carefully selected volunteer leaders to plan programs for the youth of the com munity, and that letters of BE IT FINALLY RESOLVED, transmittal to this effect be directed to particular federal agencies, governors of states, mayors of cities, presidents of col leges and universities, boards of educa tion, recreation boards or commissions, as well youth-serving non-official agencies concerned with these aspects of the as youth needs.
As there is no standard methodology of evaluate the forearm passing skill, we decided to use a scoring system adapted by author to the needs of the students.
ANALYSIS OF THE MOTOR PERFORMANCE OF THE FOREARM PASSING SKILL, IN VOLLEYBALL, AT THE FIRST YEAR STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION, TISHREEN UNIVERSITY · 2023 · DOIThe posture of the athletes is a large interest subject for the physical education and sports research field, mostly for the researchers who discovered that physical training affects body posture, even if there is no consensus on the direction of this effect.
Although statistics education is the foundation for a core analytical ability required in many workplaces and in doctoral study, little is known about the preparation of statistics training of sport management graduates enrolled in master’s programmes in the United States (U.
Statistical preparation in master’s programme of sport management · 2020Even though cycling is a low impact exercise that aids stamina and fitness, little is known about additional benefits in other areas including agility, balance, and explosive power.
Theoretical analysis of research papers allowed us to establish that physical preparation of pu-pils in elementary grades as an area of scientific and pedagogical knowledge was not investigated enough.
Optimization Methods in Physical Education Lessons for Girls in the Second and the Third Grades · 2018 · DOIHowever, there is a lack of data in the academic literature concerning the influence of Pilates exercises on dancers’ ftness levels depending on different age groups and ranking.
Currently, there is no standardized course configuration for the administration of the mile run/walk (MRW) test.
The Effect of Course Configuration of the Mile Run on Preference and Performance of Elementary School Runners · 2012Given the limitations of this study, future research should expand the sample size and include addi- tional measures such as motives for bouldering to provide additional insight into the climbing experience.
An Examination of Climbing Performance and its Relationship to Perceived Abilities and Experience among Boulderers · 2010 · DOI
Most-cited papers in Physical Education and Training Studies
- An assessment of maturity from anthropometric measurements · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · 2002 · 638 citations
- Tracking of Physical Activity and Physical Fitness across the Lifespan · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · 1996 · 301 citations
- Physical Activity and Sports Team Participation: Associations With Academic Outcomes in Middle School and High School Students · Journal of School Health · 2009 · 154 citations
- How can video feedback be used in physical education to support novice learning in gymnastics? Effects on motor learning, self-assessment and motivation · Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy · 2018 · 106 citations
- Integrative Neuromuscular Training and Sex-Specific Fitness Performance in 7-Year-Old Children: An Exploratory Investigation · Journal of Athletic Training · 2014 · 61 citations
- Developing pupils’ performance in team invasion games · Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy · 2010 · 58 citations
- Preparing Future Officers for Performing Assigned Tasks through Special Physical Training · Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala · 2021 · 51 citations
- The relationship between physical fitness and academic performance among Chinese college students · Journal of American College Health · 2020 · 50 citations
- Health-related physical fitness, academic achievement, and neuroelectric measures in children and adolescents · International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · 2016 · 37 citations
- Physical activity among young people in the context of lifestyle · European Physical Education Review · 2005 · 34 citations
Most recent work
- Accelerating the adaptation of first-year students to university studies by means of motor activity · Acta Balneologica · 2026
- PEDAGOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF APPLYING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · 2026
- Iot-based monitoring of gamified athletics learning for football specialization students · Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports) · 2026
- Special Physical Training of Internal Affairs University Cadets for Actions Under UAV Threat Conditions: Development of Endurance, Mobility and Evasion Skills · Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports) · 2026
- Methodological approaches to determining motivational incentives for high school students to engage in martial arts · Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports) · 2026
- Experimental substitution of the development of special endurance in young athletes in the process of freestyle wrestling · Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports) · 2026
- Analysis of the Competitive Performance indicators of female Freestyle Wrestlers of different age groups · Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports) · 2026
- The role of information and communication technologies in the teaching of specialist subjects · Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports) · 2026
- THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN THE FORMATION OF PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS IN CHILDREN OF MIDDLE SCHOOL AGE · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · 2026
- FORMATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS’ READINESS TO ORGANIZE TOURISM AND SPORTS ACTIVITIES IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS · Social work and social education · 2026
Find a gap in your own Physical Education and Training Studies sub-topic
This page shows what the Physical Education and Training Studies literature already flags as unresolved. To narrow it to your specific question, run the guided finder — it searches the gap library on demand and checks candidates against 250M+ OpenAlex works.
Open the Research Gap Finder →