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Open research questions in Physical Education and Training Studies

194 unresolved questions extracted from the limitations and future-work sections of 1,998 Physical Education and Training Studies papers in our library. Each links back to the study that raised it.

What the literature leaves open

  • The paper identifies the need to study the pedagogical foundations of using artificial intelligence technologies in physical education. The research highlights the gap in the literature regarding the use of artificial intelligence technologies in physical education.

    PEDAGOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF APPLYING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION · 2026 · DOI

  • Traditional physical training programs do not fully prepare cadets for rapid movement under aerial threat. There is a need to develop special physical training to improve endurance, mobility, and evasion skills under UAV threat conditions.

    Special Physical Training of Internal Affairs University Cadets for Actions Under UAV Threat Conditions: Development of Endurance, Mobility and Evasion Skills · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in the existing literature on methodological approaches to identifying motivational stimuli for senior school students' participation in combat sports.

    Methodological approaches to determining motivational incentives for high school students to engage in martial arts · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in the research on the competitive performance indicators of female freestyle wrestlers of different age groups. The study aims to fill this gap by analyzing the competitive performance indicators of female freestyle wrestlers of different age groups.

    Analysis of the Competitive Performance indicators of female Freestyle Wrestlers of different age groups · 2026 · DOI

  • The gap between traditional sports pedagogy and modern digital demands. The need to bridge this gap in the context of security challenges in Ukraine and global digitalisation.

    The role of information and communication technologies in the teaching of specialist subjects · 2026 · DOI

  • The necessity of performing a large amount of work often leads to increased risks and ineffectiveness of the planned preparation of athletes. The individual approach in assessing the quality of psychological, genetic, and physical preparedness of young swimmers is necessary.

    A systematic review of individualized approaches in assessing the training quality of 12–14-year-old freestyle sprinters · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper mentions the challenges of improving physical fitness in higher education institutions, including the lack of time and resources for physical education.

    ORGANIZATION OF WEIGHT LIFTING CLUBS IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND MONITORING OF STUDENTS' PHYSICAL FITNESS · 2026 · DOI

  • The paper identifies a gap in the existing literature on the role of kettlebell lifting sports clubs in improving physical fitness of student youth in higher education institutions.

    ORGANIZATION OF WEIGHT LIFTING CLUBS IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND MONITORING OF STUDENTS' PHYSICAL FITNESS · 2026 · DOI

  • The importance of selecting gymnastic exercises taking into account the age and individual characteristics of young athletes. The need for gradual increase of the load in gymnastic exercises.

    METHODOLOGY OF USING GYMNASTICS EXERCISES IN DEVELOPING BALANCE IN YOUNG ATHLETES · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the literature on the use of digital media in school sports lessons. The study aims to address this gap by investigating the use of the TGfU concept in combination with digital media.

    Digital-gestützte Sportspielvermittlung im Sportunterricht der Grundschule aus der Perspektive der Lehrkräfte · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of research on the impact of extended physical education on classroom climate. The study aims to address the gap in research on the relationship between physical education and music education.

    Hodnocení klimatu tříd s rozšířenou výukou tělesné výchovy prostřednictvím psychodiagnostických nástrojů a jejich implikace pro hudební výchovu · 2026 · DOI

  • The study has several limitations that should be taken into account when interpreting the findings. The first limitation concerns the research sample, which was restricted to a single primary school with four classes specialising in volleyball. The results may therefore not be generalisable to other types of sport specialisation or to schools in different socio-cultural contexts. A further limitation is the study's cross-sectional design, which does not allow examination of changes in classroom climate over time or causal interpretation of the observed relationships. Finally, the psychodiagnostic instruments used capture pupils’ performance at a specific moment and may be influenced by situational factors, such as the time of day, the period within the school year, or the pupils’ current psychological state. These limitations indicate the need for further research, particularly longitudinal studies conducted on larger and more diverse samples.

    Hodnocení klimatu tříd s rozšířenou výukou tělesné výchovy prostřednictvím psychodiagnostických nástrojů a jejich implikace pro hudební výchovu · 2026 · DOI

  • The decline in physical activity among the population, especially among children and adolescents. The lack of empirical data on medical and social effects of Kyrgyz national sports in children. The risk of biased interpretation and underestimation of possible risks due to the cultural significance of the topic.

    The value potential of Kyrgyz national physical culture and sports: medical and psychosocial analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • The long-term effects of national sports on cardiometabolic health of children and their effect on prevention of overweight should be investigated. Data on influence of these forms of physical activity on cognitive and psychological development including formation of decision-making skills, self-regulation, selfevaluation and resistance to stress should be collected. Systematic comparative studies on efficacy of national and modern physical activity in children and teenagers should be conducted.

    The value potential of Kyrgyz national physical culture and sports: medical and psychosocial analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of research on the impact of structured school-based physical activity programs on pre-adolescents' physical fitness and psychosocial well-being. Prior research has focused on older children and adolescents, leaving a gap in knowledge about the effects of physical activity on younger children.

    The Effects of Structured School-Based Physical Activity on Fitness and Psychosocial Well-Being in Pre-Adolescents · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on research trends in gymnastics. Future research should explore the application of digital learning tools in gymnastics education. Future research should examine the effectiveness of innovative teaching practices in promoting holistic development in students.

    Global Research Trends on Gymnastics in Physical Education: A Scopus-Based Bibliometric Analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the understanding of global research trends on gymnastics in physical education. The study highlights the need for a comprehensive overview of the research landscape. The study aims to address the gap by conducting a bibliometric analysis.

    Global Research Trends on Gymnastics in Physical Education: A Scopus-Based Bibliometric Analysis · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the literature on the correlation between postural stability and dynamic function of the lower limbs in university students. The study highlights the need to assess postural stability and dynamic function of the lower limbs in university students with different academic specializations.

    The Relationship between Postural Stability and Dynamic Function of the Lower Limbs in University Students with Diverse Professional Focuses · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research should investigate the long-term effects of physical activity on blood lipids. Future research should examine the effects of different types of physical activity on blood lipids.

    Effect of Sports Activity on the Health of Female Student according to Blood Lipids · 2026 · DOI

  • Limited research has examined the psychological and physical determinants of free-throw shooting accuracy among adolescent learners. There is a need to understand the factors that influence free-throw shooting accuracy among Grade 10 students.

    Influencing Factors of Free-Throw Shooting Accuracy Among Grade 10 Students · 2026 · DOI

  • Based on these findings, several recommendations are offered. For physical education practice, teachers are encouraged to integrate psychological skills training (for example, self-talk and imagery) to help convert moderate self-efficacy into stable performance under pressure, alongside structured upper-body strength activities that support reproducible shooting mechanics. For coaching, free-throw shooting merits explicit, repeated instruction as a specialized skill rather than incidental practice. For school health programming, periodic monitoring of body composition—with attention to the high proportion of underweight students observed here—may help address nutritional and conditioning needs. For future research, scholars should employ larger and more diverse samples, incorporate direct measures of shooting technique and attentional control, and consider longitudinal or experimental designs to test whether targeted interventions improve free-throw accuracy. REFERENCES Amador, M., Meza, C., McAinch, A., King, G., Covington, J., & Bajpeyi, S. (2020). Exercise-induced improvements in insulin sensitivity are not attenuated by a family history of type 2 diabetes. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 11, Article 120. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.00120 Amara, S., Chortane, O., Negra, Y., Hammami, R., Khalifa, R., Chortane, S., & Tillaar, R. (2021). Relationship between swimming performance, biomechanical variables and the calculated predicted 1-RM push- up in competitive swimmers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21), Article 11395. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111395 Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191 Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W. H. Freeman.

    Influencing Factors of Free-Throw Shooting Accuracy Among Grade 10 Students · 2026 · DOI

  • The existing literature shows a lack of systematic integration of prevention and recovery. The split state of prevention and recovery in the existing literature.

    Cooperation between Injury Prevention and Physical Recovery of College Students in Middle and Long Distance Running · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a need to investigate the role of swimming in developing morphofunctional capacity in young adults. The current context is characterized by increasing sedentary behavior and associated health problems.

    Swimming in Morphofunctional Development from the Perspective of Specialists: An Investigative Approach · 2026 · DOI

  • The study identifies a gap in the literature on the relationship between sports participation and academic performance among student-athletes. The study aims to examine this relationship using a descriptive-correlational research design.

    Level of Sports Participation and Academic Performance among Student-Athletes of Children First School, Inc. · 2026 · DOI

  • Children First School, Inc. should implement Project MOVE as a coordinated school-based program that promotes consistent participation, safe progression, recovery, and academic balance.

    Level of Sports Participation and Academic Performance among Student-Athletes of Children First School, Inc. · 2026 · DOI

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194 open questions have been extracted from the limitations and future-work passages of 1,998 Physical Education and Training Studies papers in our library. Each one below links back to the study that raised it, so you can read the original claim in context.

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