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Open research questions in Religion and Society Interactions

662 gap statements mined from Religion and Society Interactions papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 10,421 papers on the topic — drawn mostly from each paper's own stated research gap, future-work, challenge and limitation notes, and its abstract. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one.

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What the literature leaves open

  • There are also models for the accommodation of differences in polities with deep societal cleavages that future research could explore, especially the conditions under which certain models are more or less effective (Kymlicka 1995; Lijphart 2004; Vargas and Petri 2008).

    External and Internal Threats to the Freedom of Religion or Belief of Indigenous Peoples in Latin America · 2025 · DOI

  • Further research is necessary in order to have a deeper understanding of prayer and its functions in Felix Timmermans’ oeuvre, with a focus on a more comprehensive selection of his texts than the one that can be achieved within the scope of this article.

    The Prosociality of Prayer in the Literary Fiction of Felix Timmermans · 2025 · DOI

  • Future research should address this gap by examining the experiences and perceptions of religious individuals to offer a more comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon under investigation.

    Different Religions, Similar Experiences: Intra-Group Religious Tension Among Non-Religious Jews and Arabs in Israel · 2025 · DOI

  • While the precise outcomes of this inclusion remain uncertain, the importance of exposing individuals—especially those on the progressive side—to conservative Christian perspectives cannot be overstated.

    The Culture War and Secularized Theological Concepts: A Voegelinian Perspective · 2025 · DOI

  • The economic implications of Christian nationalism should be examined as closely as its political, cultural, and religious implications are.

    The Business of Christian Nationalism: Examining Retailers’ Self-Descriptions on a Conservative Christian Alternative to Amazon.com · 2025 · DOI

  • The role of women, and in particular their participation in the labor force, is an understudied factor in explaining patterns of secularization.

    Secularization and Gender: A Global Study of the Effects of Women’s Employment on Religious Decline · 2025 · DOI

  • In this richly suggestive book, Baumgartner argues that the standard liberal account of religious freedom as a human right to freedom of religion or belief is insufficient.

    Religion in Liberal Democracy as a Form of Life, by CHRISTOPH BAUMGARTNER · 2025 · DOI

  • The Roman Catholic Church has historically played a significant role in Poland’s democratisation, but the current stance of its leaders on the country’s democratic backsliding remains uncertain.

    The Catholic Church’s attitudes towards democracy and deconsolidation: evidence from a survey of Polish Catholic clergy · 2025 · DOI

  • Moreover, qualitative studies and research on ritualization in minority religions and private birth rites are lacking.

    Celebrating new life – A literature review of research on birth rites in Western societies · 2025 · DOI

  • Following well-established literature, we argue that this pattern suggests extreme politics acts as compensatory mechanisms to project masculinity when it is lacking otherwise.

    Jesus and John Wayne Wannabes: How Christian Nationalism and Femininity Shape Extreme Politics Among Men in the US · 2024 · DOI

  • This article addresses an understudied aspect of public secularity in the Canadian province of Québec, namely how its self-perception as a postcolonial nation vis-à-vis English Canada has shaped its secular state-building since the 1960s.

    Postcolonial imaginaries in the West: secular state-building and cultural defence in Québec since the Quiet Revolution · 2024 · DOI

  • For instance, it remains to be explored whether—and for how long—ecclesiastical norms retained any secular legal effect after the adoption of the Church Laws. In light of the above, further research on this topic is both necessary and promising.

    The Political Activities of a Catholic Church Leader During the Period of Secularization in Hungary · 2025 · DOI

  • It argues that the current approaches to addressing the problems of strict secularism and Christian nationalism are insufficient. The authors propose that American civil religion can help fill this gap.

    Civil Religion and the Renewal of American Politics. By Amy E. Black and Douglas L. Koopman. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2025. 267p. · 2026 · DOI

  • The legitimacy of state support for religion has become increasingly contested. There is a need to understand the shifting grounds of religious legitimacy in contemporary Norwegian politics.

    Why Religion Matters (Or Doesn’t) · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of research on the shared characteristics of identity-centered religious and political movements with biopolitical agendas. There is a need to explore the impact of these movements on civil society and bioethical institutions.

    Conspiracy theory as a component of religious biopolitics · 2026 · DOI

  • The lack of understanding of the links between epistemology, spirituality, and an ethic of social justice.

    Evidence Cannot Fill the God-Shaped Hole · 2026 · DOI

  • There is a lack of understanding about the interplay between religious identity and abortion viewpoints. Prior studies have not explored the differences in abortion attitudes among different religious groups.

    Religious Identity and Abortion Attitudes Among University Students in the Post-Roe v. Wade Era · 2026 · DOI

  • Future research could explore the application of the framework of pluriconfessional secularization in other regions. It could examine the impact of migration and technology on religious diversity and secular governance. Further study could investigate the role of religious institutions in shaping democratic outcomes.

    Secular governance and religious diversity in Western, Central, Eastern Europe, and Latin America: Comparative challenges and emerging models · 2026 · DOI

  • It notes that traditional secularization paradigms are insufficient for understanding the complex relationships between religion and democracy in contemporary societies.

    Secular governance and religious diversity in Western, Central, Eastern Europe, and Latin America: Comparative challenges and emerging models · 2026 · DOI

  • The need to empirically examine the magazine's discursive construction of race.

    Confronting Culture and Caste in the American Bahá’í Magazine World Order , 1935–1949 · 2026 · DOI

  • However, the ROC’s ecclesiastical ‘populism’ has not been systematically analyzed.

    Ecclesiastical populism in contemporary Russia? ‘the people’ in the political discourse of the orthodox church · 2024 · DOI

  • The proposed framework has not yet been tested for its effects on public-health trust or health behavior, and the literature was selected for conceptual relevance rather…

    Veritas a mid Post-truth: Catholic Ethics and the Moral Conditions of Philippine Public Health · 2026 · DOI

  • This research contributes a detailed examination of one facet of that puzzle, and future research should explore others…

    Has Partisanship Subsumed Religion? Reassessing Religious Effects on School Prayer in U.S. Politics · 2025 · DOI

  • This paper aims to overview current research on birth rites in Western societies and identify and discuss empirical, theoretical and methodological gaps in the research field.

    Celebrating new life – A literature review of research on birth rites in Western societies · 2025 · DOI

  • This contribution delves into the nuanced political dynamics surrounding the governance of religious plurality in three understudied cities of Catalonia: Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Vic, and Lleida.

    Governing the (in)visible: religious diversity, gender equality and LGBTQI+ rights in Catalonia · 2024 · DOI

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Open questions raised by papers listed on this page include: (1) There is a need to understand the shifting grounds of religious legitimacy in contemporary Norwegian politics (“Why Religion Matters (Or Doesn’t)”, 2026); (2) There is a lack of research on the shared characteristics of identity-centered religious and political movements with biopolitical agendas (“Conspiracy theory as a component of religious biopolitics”, 2026); (3) The lack of understanding of the links between epistemology, spirituality, and an ethic of social justice (“Evidence Cannot Fill the God-Shaped Hole”, 2026); (4) There is a lack of understanding about the interplay between religious identity and abortion viewpoints (“Religious Identity and Abortion Attitudes Among University Students in the…”, 2026); (5) Future research could explore the application of the framework of pluriconfessional secularization in other regions (“Secular governance and religious diversity in Western, Central, Eastern Europe,…”, 2026). 662 gap statements have been mined from Religion and Society Interactions papers in our 7.9M-paper local library, which holds 10,421 papers on the topic; the gaps come from whichever of those papers state one. They are mostly the research gaps the authors state and the papers' abstracts, plus future-work, limitations and challenges passages. The ones listed below are a selection still marked open; each names the study that raised it, with a DOI link where the paper has one, so you can read the original claim in context.

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